Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40517981›Full record

ArticleThe journal of pain2025

The development and validation of the pain-related stigma scale for adolescents (PReSS-A) with chronic pain.

Emily O Wakefield, William T Zempsky, Rebecca M Puhl, Susmita Kashikar-Zuck, Mark Connelly, Burel R Goodin, Barbara Edelheit, Vaishali Belamkar, Tolulope Adetayo, Corinne T Evans and 3 more

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The journal of pain, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Emily O WakefieldDivision of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA. Electronic address: ewakefield@connecticutchildrens.org.
William T ZempskyDivision of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
Rebecca M PuhlRudd Center for Food Policy & Health, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA.
Susmita Kashikar-ZuckCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Mark ConnellyChildren's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Burel R GoodinDepartment of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA.
Barbara EdelheitDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
Vaishali BelamkarDivision of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, CT, USA.
Tolulope AdetayoDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Corinne T EvansDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Christopher TheriaultDivision of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, CT, USA.
Carissa DelGaudioDivision of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, CT, USA.
Mark D LittDepartment of Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.

Funding

Multi-site Randomized Clinical Trial of FIT Teens for Juvenile FibromyalgiaR01AR070474 · NIAMS · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI KASHIKAR-ZUCK, SUSMITA · 2017 to 2023
$8.7M
The Impact of Social Rejection: Investigating Pain-related Stigma in Adolescents with Chronic Widespread Musculoskeletal PainK23AR073934 · NIAMS · CONNECTICUT CHILDREN'S MEDICAL CENTER · PI WAKEFIELD, EMILY O · 2020 to 2024
$792k
NIAMS NIH HHS K23 AR073934NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR070474
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adolescents with chronic pain often feel stigmatized by their pain condition. Despite the frequency of stigma in this population, few measures exist to assess pain-related stigma in youth with chronic pain. This study reports on the development and validation of the self-report Pain-related Stigma Scale for Adolescents (PReSS-A). The PReSS-A was designed to assess several dimensions of pain-related stigma (felt stigma, peer stigmatization, internalized stigma, and anticipatory stigma/concealment), and to assess stigma across multiple interpersonal relationships. Reliability, construct validity and factor structure of the instrument were evaluated in youth with chronic pain. The sample consisted of 286 adolescents (aged 12-17) with juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM), other chronic primary musculoskeletal pain conditions (CPMP), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and disorders of gut-brain interactions (DGBI). Examination of the underlying structure of the instrument was conducted with exploratory factor analysis. Stigma dimension scores were explored between adolescents with different chronic pain conditions. PReSS-A subscales demonstrated strong internal consistency. Construct validity was established through subscale and total score correlations with complementary constructs. The exploratory factor analysis revealed two broad factors for the PReSS-A: felt stigma and internalized stigma. Majority of the sample reported pain-related stigma from all sources: medical providers, school personnel, family members, and peers. Adolescents with JFM reported significantly higher pain-related stigma than those with other conditions. The PReSS-A can facilitate the advancement of pain-related stigma research among adolescents with varied chronic pain conditions. Future research should focus on the degree to which pain-related stigma influences functioning and social development. PERSPECTIVE: This paper presents the development and psychometric properties of the Pain-related Stigma Scale for Adolescents (PReSS-A) among adolescents with chronic pain. This measure can advance our understanding of pain-related stigma among children and adolescents living with chronic pain.

Indexed as

Chronic PainPsychometricsSocial StigmaAdolescentArthritis, JuvenileChildFemaleFibromyalgiaHumansMaleMusculoskeletal PainReproducibility of ResultsSelf ReportAdolescentsChronic painMeasurement developmentStigma

Identifiers

PMID40517981
PMCPMC12329753

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.