ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2025
Impact of different hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on cardiovascular disease risk and all-cause mortality in women with type 1 diabetes.
Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Long-term mortality in women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
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8 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesOur aim was to assess how pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, and chronic (pre-pregnancy) hypertension, compared to no hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, impact development of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in type 1 diabetes (T1D).
methodsWe included 190 T1D women with median age of 29.4 (interquartile range 26.0-33.3) years at delivery between 1988 and 1994 at the Helsinki University Hospital, and who were later re-examined within the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study. Of these, 43 (22.6%) had had pre-eclampsia, 32 (16.8%) gestational hypertension, 20 (10.5%) chronic hypertension, and 95 (50.0%) had remained normotensive during the index pregnancy. We retrieved follow-up data on cardiovascular events and mortality from national registries until the end of 2020.
resultsDuring a median 27.9 (25.4-30.7) years of follow-up, 46 (24.2%) experienced a composite cardiovascular event and 25 (13.2%) died from any cause. In Cox regression analysis, the risk of a cardiovascular event was increased for chronic hypertension [hazard ratio, HR 3.45 (95% CI 1.25-9.54)], gestational hypertension [HR 3.63 (1.55-8.51)], and pre-eclampsia [HR 5.07 (2.31-11.11)] compared with the non-hypertension group, after adjustment for delivery age and age at T1D onset. The corresponding risk of all-cause mortality was increased for chronic hypertension [HR 3.31 (1.06-10.35)] and pre-eclampsia [HR 2.92 (1.07-7.98)], but not for gestational hypertension [HR 1.26 (0.33-4.85)]. After further adjustment for diabetic kidney disease or diabetic retinopathy as a time-dependent covariate, the association with cardiovascular disease remained for pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension, while for mortality, none of the associations were significant.
conclusionHypertension during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events during long-term follow-up in women with T1D, with pre-eclampsia conferring the highest risk. For all-cause mortality, chronic hypertension and pre-eclampsia, but not gestational hypertension, increases the risk of death, yet not independently of diabetic kidney disease.
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