Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40516930›Full record

Observational studySaudi medical journal2025

The impact of antibiotic prophylaxis appropriateness, duration and associated cost on the rate of surgical site infection at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study.

Amal Bin Akresh, Deema S Alzeet, Njoud Z Alshalan, Marwa M Alhawsawi, Nada A Alsaleh, Reem A Binsuwaidan, Alaa A Alhubaishi, Abdulaziz I Altowaijri, Najla N Alebedah, Nisreen M Sherbeeni and 1 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Saudi medical journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Amal Bin AkreshFrom the Pharmaceutical Care Services Department (Akresh, Alebedah) and Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine (Sherbeeni), Prince Sultan Military Medical City; from the College of Pharmacy (Alzeet, Alshalan, Alhawsawi); from the Department of Pharmacy Practice (Alsaleh, Alhubaishi, Alnajjar) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Binsuwaidan), College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University; and from the Clinical Excellence Department (Altowaijri), Center of National Health Insurance, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Deema S AlzeetFrom the Pharmaceutical Care Services Department (Akresh, Alebedah) and Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine (Sherbeeni), Prince Sultan Military Medical City; from the College of Pharmacy (Alzeet, Alshalan, Alhawsawi); from the Department of Pharmacy Practice (Alsaleh, Alhubaishi, Alnajjar) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Binsuwaidan), College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University; and from the Clinical Excellence Department (Altowaijri), Center of National Health Insurance, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Njoud Z AlshalanFrom the Pharmaceutical Care Services Department (Akresh, Alebedah) and Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine (Sherbeeni), Prince Sultan Military Medical City; from the College of Pharmacy (Alzeet, Alshalan, Alhawsawi); from the Department of Pharmacy Practice (Alsaleh, Alhubaishi, Alnajjar) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Binsuwaidan), College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University; and from the Clinical Excellence Department (Altowaijri), Center of National Health Insurance, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Marwa M AlhawsawiFrom the Pharmaceutical Care Services Department (Akresh, Alebedah) and Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine (Sherbeeni), Prince Sultan Military Medical City; from the College of Pharmacy (Alzeet, Alshalan, Alhawsawi); from the Department of Pharmacy Practice (Alsaleh, Alhubaishi, Alnajjar) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Binsuwaidan), College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University; and from the Clinical Excellence Department (Altowaijri), Center of National Health Insurance, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Nada A AlsalehFrom the Pharmaceutical Care Services Department (Akresh, Alebedah) and Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine (Sherbeeni), Prince Sultan Military Medical City; from the College of Pharmacy (Alzeet, Alshalan, Alhawsawi); from the Department of Pharmacy Practice (Alsaleh, Alhubaishi, Alnajjar) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Binsuwaidan), College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University; and from the Clinical Excellence Department (Altowaijri), Center of National Health Insurance, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Reem A BinsuwaidanFrom the Pharmaceutical Care Services Department (Akresh, Alebedah) and Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine (Sherbeeni), Prince Sultan Military Medical City; from the College of Pharmacy (Alzeet, Alshalan, Alhawsawi); from the Department of Pharmacy Practice (Alsaleh, Alhubaishi, Alnajjar) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Binsuwaidan), College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University; and from the Clinical Excellence Department (Altowaijri), Center of National Health Insurance, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Alaa A AlhubaishiFrom the Pharmaceutical Care Services Department (Akresh, Alebedah) and Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine (Sherbeeni), Prince Sultan Military Medical City; from the College of Pharmacy (Alzeet, Alshalan, Alhawsawi); from the Department of Pharmacy Practice (Alsaleh, Alhubaishi, Alnajjar) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Binsuwaidan), College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University; and from the Clinical Excellence Department (Altowaijri), Center of National Health Insurance, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abdulaziz I AltowaijriFrom the Pharmaceutical Care Services Department (Akresh, Alebedah) and Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine (Sherbeeni), Prince Sultan Military Medical City; from the College of Pharmacy (Alzeet, Alshalan, Alhawsawi); from the Department of Pharmacy Practice (Alsaleh, Alhubaishi, Alnajjar) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Binsuwaidan), College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University; and from the Clinical Excellence Department (Altowaijri), Center of National Health Insurance, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Najla N AlebedahFrom the Pharmaceutical Care Services Department (Akresh, Alebedah) and Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine (Sherbeeni), Prince Sultan Military Medical City; from the College of Pharmacy (Alzeet, Alshalan, Alhawsawi); from the Department of Pharmacy Practice (Alsaleh, Alhubaishi, Alnajjar) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Binsuwaidan), College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University; and from the Clinical Excellence Department (Altowaijri), Center of National Health Insurance, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Nisreen M SherbeeniFrom the Pharmaceutical Care Services Department (Akresh, Alebedah) and Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine (Sherbeeni), Prince Sultan Military Medical City; from the College of Pharmacy (Alzeet, Alshalan, Alhawsawi); from the Department of Pharmacy Practice (Alsaleh, Alhubaishi, Alnajjar) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Binsuwaidan), College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University; and from the Clinical Excellence Department (Altowaijri), Center of National Health Insurance, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Lina I AlnajjarFrom the Pharmaceutical Care Services Department (Akresh, Alebedah) and Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine (Sherbeeni), Prince Sultan Military Medical City; from the College of Pharmacy (Alzeet, Alshalan, Alhawsawi); from the Department of Pharmacy Practice (Alsaleh, Alhubaishi, Alnajjar) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Binsuwaidan), College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University; and from the Clinical Excellence Department (Altowaijri), Center of National Health Insurance, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6751-6488

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo evaluate the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) based on compliance with surgical antibiotic protocols and the duration of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP). Secondary objectives include assessing 30-day rehospitalization rates, 30-day mortality, antibiotic-associated adverse events, and the estimated additional costs of prolonged antibiotic use in patients receiving long courses of antibiotics.

methodsThis retrospective observational study was conducted at Prince Sultan Military Medical City from 2021 to 2022. It included adult patients who underwent elective surgery and received antibiotic prophylaxis. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on SAP compliance and prophylaxis duration. Using data from electronic medical records, we analyzed the relationship between the appropriateness and duration of SAP and the incidence of SSIs.

resultsA total of 375 patients were included, with 3% developing SSIs within 30 days and 8% requiring rehospitalization within the same period. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups regarding SSI incidence (

conclusionExtending antibiotic prophylaxis beyond 24 hours did not reduce the risk of SSIs and resulted in unnecessary additional costs, highlighting the need for adherence to established guidelines.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsAntibiotic ProphylaxisSurgical Wound InfectionAdultAgedFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedPatient ReadmissionRetrospective StudiesSaudi ArabiaTertiary Care CentersTime FactorsAnti-Bacterial Agentsadverse eventsantibioticdurationsurgical antibiotic protocolssurgical prophylaxisSurgical site infections

Identifiers

PMID40516930
PMCPMC12199636

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.