ArticleMolecular metabolism2025
Sex differences in resting skeletal muscle and the acute and long-term response to endurance exercise in individuals with overweight and obesity.
Article in Molecular metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multi‑omics approaches to decipher the molecular mechanisms of exercise‑mediated bone protection: From mechanistic insights to personalized exercise prescription (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Hepatokines lipocalin 2 and osteopontin drive muscle atrophy in MASH.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Association of the phase angle with type 2 diabetes and related traits: results from two prospective KORA studies.Nutrition & diabetes · 2026Article
- Sex differences in response to a short-term training program intervention in obese adolescents: a plasma metabolomics study.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- The triglyceride HDL cholesterol ratio predicts sarcopenia risk in an aging National cohort from China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Exercise-specific post-translational modification signatures: unveiling precise regulatory mechanisms of molecular exercise language and cellular adaptation.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Review
- Determinants and predictive performance of reduced muscle mass in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Differential effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise on skeletal muscle function in high-fat diet-induced obese mice: integration of gut microbiota and metabolomics.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Co-Expression Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Sex-Universal Molecular Markers of Muscle Atrophy.IET systems biologyArticle
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesEndurance exercise reduces the risk of metabolic diseases by improving skeletal muscle metabolism, particularly in individuals with overweight and obesity. As biological sex impacts glucose and fatty acid handling in skeletal muscle, we hypothesized sex differences at the transcriptomic and proteomic level in the acute response to exercise and after an 8-week exercise intervention.
methodsWe analyzed skeletal muscle biopsies from 25 sedentary subjects (16f/9 m) with overweight and obesity using transcriptomics and proteomics at baseline, after acute exercise, and following an 8-week endurance training program. Regulation of sex-specific differences was studied in primary myotubes from the donors.
resultsAt baseline, differentially methylated CpG-sites potentially explain up to 59% of transcriptomic and 67% of proteomic sex differences. Differences were dominated by higher abundance of fast-twitch fiber type proteins, and transcripts and proteins regulating glycogen degradation and glycolysis in males. Females showed higher abundance of proteins regulating fatty acid uptake and storage. Acute exercise induced stress-responsive transcripts and serum myoglobin predominantly in males. Both sexes adapted to 8-week endurance training by upregulating mitochondrial proteins involved in TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and β-oxidation. Training equalized fast-twitch fiber type protein levels, mainly by reducing them in males. In vivo sex differences in autosomal genes were poorly retained in myotubes but partially restored by sex hormone treatment.
conclusionsOur findings highlight sex-specific molecular signatures that reflect known differences in glucose and lipid metabolism between female and male skeletal muscle. After just 8 weeks of endurance training, these sex differences were attenuated, suggesting a convergence towards a shared beneficial adaptation at the molecular level.
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