Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40515839›Full record

ReviewEuropean journal of applied physiology2025

Equity in training load: research design considerations for intervention assessment in sports science and physical therapy.

Tomasz Kowalski, Moritz Schumann, Sebastian Klich, Michele Zanini

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in European journal of applied physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. [Exercise Load Classification and Perceptual Difference Awareness Training Based on Exercise Load Entropy Theory in University Students].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Tomasz KowalskiDepartment of Physiology, Institute of Sport-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
Moritz SchumannDepartment of Sports Medicine and Exercise Therapy, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany.
Sebastian KlichFaculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
Michele ZaniniSchool of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK. m.zanini@lboro.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-8148-8843

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Training load (TL) assessment and management are important in athletic training, physical therapy, and sports science, as exercise-induced responses to the exercise stimulus depend on the dose of the applied exercise stimulus. Different TL may result in distinct adaptation, intervention feasibility, or injury risks, amongst other considerations. However, often studies are based on interventions with different TL between the groups, possibly influencing the research outcomes. This opinion paper discusses scenarios where TL matching may be beneficial, and presents literature exemplary cases from respiratory muscle training, strength training in endurance athletes, and exercise-based physical therapy. Moreover, the contextual role of TL in different populations and possible solutions regarding study design are discussed. We conclude that the considerations of TL assessment in research design may be beneficial for comparative experimental studies, crossover, and counterbalanced trials in sports sciences and physical therapy. By acknowledging and reconciling TL differences, researchers can elevate the relevance of their findings. Consequently, the effects of an intervention can be attributed to the type of intervention rather than confounded by differences in TL between groups.

Indexed as

Exercise TherapyPhysical Conditioning, HumanPhysical Therapy ModalitiesResearch DesignSports MedicineHumansResistance TrainingExercise physiologyPhysical therapyResearch methodologyStudy designTrainingTraining load

Identifiers

PMID40515839
PMCPMC12354113

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.