ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology reports2025
Prevalence of Over-the-Counter Drug Abuse and Associated Psychosocial Factors Among High School Students: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey in Japan.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Demographic characteristics and psychosocial backgrounds of patients with dextromethorphan overdose in Japan: A multicenter prospective observational study.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Rethinking responses to over-the-counter drug overdose among young people in Japan: Toward a low-threshold support architecture.Global health & medicine · 2026Review
- Association between adverse childhood experiences and over-the-counter drug abuse in Japan: A nationwide population-based cross-sectional study.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Trends in substance use and associations with internet use among Japanese high school students: A nationwide survey, 2018-2024.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Field survey on warnings to prevent drug abuse when selling over-the-counter drugs at drugstores.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Trends in lifetime controlled drug use and associated risk factors among Japanese Junior High School Students: Findings from Nationwide Surveys, 2016-2024.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- The relationship between psychological distress and dependence on addictive substances and behaviors: A survey of public attitudes toward addiction.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
aimThis study estimated the prevalence of over-the-counter (OTC) drug abuse among high school students in Japan and clarified the predictors related to their school and home life.
methodsA nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted between September 2021 and March 2022. The survey included 41 357 valid responses from 202 randomly selected regular high schools in Japan. Respondents were asked about their history of OTC drug abuse within the past year, which was the primary outcome of this study. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors of OTC drug abuse.
resultsThe estimated prevalence of OTC drug abuse over the past year was 1.5% (95% CI: 1.4-1.6). Dissatisfaction with school life (AOR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.80-3.66), hours spent in a day without parents (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.27-2.00), and COVID-19-related stress (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.14-2.05) significantly increased the risk of OTC drug abuse. Conversely, positive extracurricular activities (AOR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.63-1.00), close communication with the mother (AOR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.51-0.87), and high drug-refusal skills (AOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.41-0.79) significantly reduced the risk.
conclusionsOTC drug abuse is widespread among high school students in Japan, and attention should be paid to students who are isolated at school and home. Therefore, it is important to develop effective prevention, education, and treatment programs for adolescents that consider the risks and protective factors associated with OTC drug abuse.
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