Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40514756›Full record

ArticleActa neuropathologica communications2025

Identification of immune subtypes associated with the prognosis in skull base chordoma.

Yujia Xiong, Mingxuan Li, Guangyi Niu, Tianyi Xu, Chuzhong Li, Tianshun Ma, Tianhao Zhang, Hela Koka, Lili Hao, Yazhuo Zhang and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Acta neuropathologica communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Yujia Xiong *Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Mingxuan Li *Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Guangyi Niu *National Genomics Data Center & CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Tianyi XuNational Genomics Data Center & CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Chuzhong LiBeijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Tianshun MaBeijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Tianhao ZhangBeijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Hela KokaDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Lili HaoNational Genomics Data Center & CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Yazhuo ZhangBeijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. zhangyazhuo@ccmu.edu.cn.
Jiwei BaiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. bai-12@163.com.
Xiaohong R YangDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82303938 and 82272939
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chordoma is a rare malignant bone tumor that is prone to local recurrence. Recent omics studies suggest that chordoma is a heterogenous disease and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) may be associated with chordoma recurrence and patient survival. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic role of TIME in skull base chordoma. We conducted RNA sequencing of fresh frozen tumors from 77 Chinese skull base chordoma patients and performed unsupervised clustering using immune cell scores estimated by single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to identify potential immune subtypes. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT and xCell were used to validate differences in immune composition between the two immune subtypes. An independent cohort of 261 skull base chordoma patients with long follow-up data was further used to investigate the prognostic associations of immune cells. We identified two immune subtypes (A and B) of skull base chordoma. Compared to tumors in cluster A, tumors in cluster B had higher infiltration of most immune cell populations especially macrophages and T cells. The differences were confirmed by IHC staining of CD68, CD163, and CD3 in a subset of patients (n = 51) with fixed tumor blocks available. Moreover, higher proportions of macrophages (CD68 and CD163) were significantly correlated with shorter PFS (CD68: P < 0.001, CD163: P < 0.001) and OS (CD68: P = 0.04, CD163: P = 0.004) in an independent set of 261 patients with long follow-up data. Our study identified immune subtypes of chordoma that were associated with clinical outcomes and highlighted the potential prognostic value of macrophages. These findings may enhance our understanding of TIME and suggest the importance of macrophages in chordomas.

Indexed as

ChordomaSkull Base NeoplasmsTumor MicroenvironmentAdultAgedFemaleHumansMacrophagesMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisYoung AdultChordomaImmune subtypeMacrophageRNA sequencing

Identifiers

PMID40514756
PMCPMC12164203

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.