Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40514676›Full record

ArticleRespiratory research2025

Estimating hypoxia-induced brain dysfunction and cognitive decline through exhaled breath monitoring.

Sean W Harshman, Kiersten J Weatherbie, Alena R Veigl, Anne E Jung, Madison A Stoner-Dixon, Aubrianne I Dash, Christopher J Land, Dylan T Slizewski, Eli F Kelley, Jennifer Schwanekamp-Kerr and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Respiratory research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Sean W Harshman711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Lab, 2510 Fifth Street, Building 840, Area B, Wright-Patterson AFB, 45433, OH, USA. sean.harshman.1@us.af.mil.
Kiersten J WeatherbieNaval Medical Research Unit Dayton, 2624 Q Street, Building 851, Area B, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA.
Alena R VeiglUES Inc., 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Lab, 2510 Fifth Street, Building 840, Area B, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA.
Anne E JungUES Inc., 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Lab, 2510 Fifth Street, Building 840, Area B, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA.
Madison A Stoner-Dixon711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Lab, 2510 Fifth Street, Building 840, Area B, Wright-Patterson AFB, 45433, OH, USA.
Aubrianne I Dash711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Lab, 2510 Fifth Street, Building 840, Area B, Wright-Patterson AFB, 45433, OH, USA.
Christopher J Land711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Lab, 2510 Fifth Street, Building 840, Area B, Wright-Patterson AFB, 45433, OH, USA.
Dylan T Slizewski711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Lab, 2510 Fifth Street, Building 840, Area B, Wright-Patterson AFB, 45433, OH, USA.
Eli F Kelley711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Lab, 2510 Fifth Street, Building 840, Area B, Wright-Patterson AFB, 45433, OH, USA.
Jennifer Schwanekamp-KerrUES Inc., 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Lab, 2510 Fifth Street, Building 840, Area B, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA.
Timothy HalversonAptima, Inc, 2555 University Blvd, Suite 300, Fairborn, OH, USA.
Christina N Davidson711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Lab, 2510 Fifth Street, Building 840, Area B, Wright-Patterson AFB, 45433, OH, USA.
Christopher W Myers711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Lab, 2510 Fifth Street, Building 840, Area B, Wright-Patterson AFB, 45433, OH, USA.
Kara J BlackerNaval Medical Research Unit Dayton, 2624 Q Street, Building 851, Area B, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA.
Jennifer A Martin711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Lab, 2510 Fifth Street, Building 840, Area B, Wright-Patterson AFB, 45433, OH, USA.
Rhonda L Pitsch711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Lab, 2510 Fifth Street, Building 840, Area B, Wright-Patterson AFB, 45433, OH, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHypoxia remains a concern for aircrew operating high performance aircraft. Sensing and mitigating hypoxia is a line of active research within the US Air Force and US Navy. It is hypothesized that changes in exhaled breath volatile organic compound content could indicate, not only changes in oxygen saturation (SpO

methodsOn-line exhaled breath monitoring via proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry was used to observe changes in volatile organic compound concentrations during mask-free hypoxic exposures. Additionally, electroencephalography measurements in response to an odd-ball paradigm and cognitive tasks were collected throughout the exposures.

resultsThe data show hypoxic exposures induced a physiological response including a significant reduction in SpO

conclusionsThe data establish, for the first time, differences in exhaled breath volatile concentrations that indicate changes in cognition derived from hypoxic insult.

Indexed as

BrainCognitive DysfunctionExhalationHypoxiaAdultBreath TestsElectroencephalographyFemaleHumansMaleOxygen SaturationVolatile Organic CompoundsYoung AdultVolatile Organic Compounds

Identifiers

PMID40514676
PMCPMC12164151

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.