ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2025
Overcoming acquired immunotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer using ginsenoside Rb1-loaded, peptide-enhanced exosome delivery systems.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multi-Target Antitumor Effects of Natural Products and Approved Drug Repurposing in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Advances in Mechanisms, Combination Regimens, Delivery System Optimization, and Clinical Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Biomaterial-Integrated Electroporation for Therapeutic Delivery: From Gene Editing to Tumor Ablation and Immune Modulation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles: A Comprehensive Review of Their Origins, Functions, and Therapeutic Potential.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The Interaction of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway with the Tumor Microenvironment: A Dual Engine Driving Breast Cancer Progression and Reshaping Treatment Strategies.Cancer management and research · 2026Review
- Exosomes promote pre-metastatic niche formation in lung cancer.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a major global health challenge, with limited therapeutic success due to drug resistance and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This study explores a novel strategy to overcome acquired resistance to immunotherapy in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mutated NSCLC. Tumor-derived exosomes (T-exo) were modified with the tumor-targeting peptide TMTP1 and loaded with Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) via electroporation to develop peptide-modified Rb1@T-exo. This innovative delivery system demonstrated enhanced tumor-targeting ability and improved stability and bioavailability of Rb1. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that Rb1@T-exo effectively suppressed tumor growth and metastasis, significantly inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and remodeled the immune microenvironment by promoting M1 macrophage polarization and enhancing CD8
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.