Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40514655›Full record

ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2025

Enzyme-sequential responsive core-satellite nanomedicine enables activatable near-infrared-II photoacoustic imaging-guided chemotherapy cascade-enhanced radiotherapy.

Wenjing Xiao, Xiao Yang, Mengzhen Wang, Zeyu Jiang, Heyi Zhang, Mengqing Gong, Lin Zhao, Jibin Song, Qinrui Fu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Wenjing XiaoDepartment of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
Xiao YangInstitute of Chronic Disease, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Mengzhen WangInstitute of Chronic Disease, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Zeyu JiangInstitute of Chronic Disease, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Heyi ZhangInstitute of Chronic Disease, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Mengqing GongInstitute of Chronic Disease, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Lin ZhaoDepartment of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
Jibin SongState Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China. jibin.song@buct.edu.cn.
Qinrui FuInstitute of Chronic Disease, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China. fuqinrui2018@163.com.

Funding

Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province tsqnz20230608
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The standard treatment for various types of cancers typically involves the combination of concurrent localized radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy. However, no treatment options have been reported that utilize chemotherapy cascade-enhanced radiotherapy. In this study, we report a core-satellite nanomedicine designed to enhance radiotherapeutic effects through a cascade mechanism by triggering the release of a potent chemotherapeutic agent in response to trypsin. We synthesized a functional enzyme-sequential responsive nanomedicine, DOX@Gel-DEVD-AuNR, which consists of gelatin nanoparticles loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX). These nanoparticles are covalently linked to gold nanorods (AuNR) via a caspase-3 specific DEVD peptide substrate. Upon trypsin activation, the DOX@Gel-DEVD-AuNR formulation releases DOX, thereby enhancing chemotherapy efficacy against tumors. Simultaneously, it activates caspase-3, inducing the aggregation of AuNRs, which in turn activates a near-infrared-II photoacoustic signal. This signal is crucial for determining the optimal timing for X-ray irradiation. The resulting large-size AuNRs aggregates promote their accumulation within tumors by preventing the migration and backflow of AuNRs, thereby improving radiotherapeutic effects. Consequently, when combined with image-guided X-ray irradiation, DOX@Gel-DEVD-AuNR induces significant cytotoxicity in cancer cells and effectively inhibits tumor growth. Our study underscores the potential application of enzyme catalysis-mediated chemistry in activating nanomedicine for activatable image-guided chemotherapy cascade-enhanced radiotherapy.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsDoxorubicinNanomedicinePhotoacoustic TechniquesRadiotherapy, Image-GuidedAnimalsCaspase 3Cell Line, TumorFemaleGoldHumansInfrared RaysMetal NanoparticlesMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, NudeAntineoplastic AgentsCaspase 3DoxorubicinGoldTrypsinActivatable NIR-II photoacoustic imagingCascade therapyChemotherapyEnzyme-sequential responsive nanomedicineRadiotherapy

Identifiers

PMID40514655
PMCPMC12164136

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.