ArticleJournal of neurology2025
Annual level changes of serum neuronal and glial biomarkers in a German professional football club.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundProfessional football players (PFP) experience repeated mild traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and have an increased long-term dementia risk. We aimed to assess annual level changes of blood neuronal (neurofilament light chain, NfL) and astroglial (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) biomarkers in PFPs over 2 years.
methodsWe measured with commercial immunoassays NfL and GFAP concentrations n = 129 serum samples obtained from n = 43 male PFPs playing for a German professional football team. Samples were collected at five time points over 2 years and before/after an index match. Associations between blood markers and potential sources of neuronal damage, such as intense physical activity, injuries, and headers, were tested.
resultsSerum NfL and GFAP concentrations in PFPs were significantly different at repeated measurements (p < 0.001) but were not associated with metrics of physical activity, total time of physical activity, total number of headers, and headers-per-match. After injuries with mild TBI, serum NfL and GFAP increased and returned to normal levels within few days. Before and after an index match, serum levels of NfL and GFAP were not significantly different, nor they were significantly associated with physical activity and headers. DISCUSSION: Serum NfL and GFAP may be used to monitor PFP over time. Repeated headers and intense physical activity in PFPs seem to be safe on a neurochemical level.
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