Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40514544›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2025

Finding and filling the knowledge gaps in mechanisms of T cell-mediated TB immunity to inform vaccine design.

Emma Lefrançais, Denis Hudrisier, Olivier Neyrolles, Samuel M Behar, Joel D Ernst

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Antigen-experienced airway CD8Science advances · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. NR4A1 limits CD8Research square · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Emma Lefrançais *Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
Denis Hudrisier *Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
Olivier NeyrollesInstitut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0047-5885
Samuel M BeharDepartment of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3374-6699
Joel D ErnstDivision of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. joel.ernst@ucsf.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-6207

Funding

IMMUNE MECHANISMS OF PROTECTION AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS CENTER (IMPAC-TB)75N93019C00071 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI FORTUNE, SARAH · 2019 to 2025
$57.3M
Functionally distinct human CD4 T cell responses to novel evolutionarily selected M. tuberculosis antigensR01AI173002 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Joel D. Ernst · 2023 to 2026
$3.4M
Functional dynamics of TB granuloma architecture - Diversity Supplement for Kelley J. MartinezU01AI166309 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Joel D. Ernst · 2022 to 2026
$3.2M
Hypoxia, tuberculosis, and T cell dysfunctionR01AI172905 · NIAID · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI SAMUEL M BEHAR · 2023 to 2026
$3.0M
MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS PROTEOME-WIDE EPITOPE DISCOVERY AND HOST TRANSCRIPTOME-WIDE T CELL PHENOTYPING IN HIGH DISEASE BURDEN POPULATIONS75N93024C00054 · NIAID · TRANSLATIONAL GENOMICS RESEARCH INST · PI ALTIN, JOHN · 2024 to 2025
$2.5M
PROTECTIVE CD8 T CELL RESPONSES to TUBERCULOSISR01AI192333 · NIAID · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI SAMUEL M BEHAR · 2025 to 2026
$1.7M
3D biomimetic human tuberculosis granulomas to identify novel host-pathogen interactionsR21AI176234 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ERNST, JOEL D., KUTYS, MATTHEW L · 2024 to 2025
$438k
Live Imaging of Immunity to M. tuberculosisR21AI156407 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ERNST, JOEL D. · 2021 to 2022
$391k
NIAID NIH HHS 75N93019C00071NIAID NIH HHS 75N93024C00054NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI172905NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI173002NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI192333NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI156407NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI176234NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI166309
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB), results in more human mortality than any other single pathogen, in part because of the lack of an effective vaccine. Although T cells are essential for immunity to TB, the mechanisms that provide protective immunity are poorly understood. In this Review, we describe current gaps in our knowledge about T cell-mediated immune responses to M. tuberculosis and discuss how recent technologies, including multiphoton intravital microscopy, spatial multiomics and high-resolution in vivo analyses of cell-cell interactions, may be used to gain insights that can inform the design of T cell-targeted TB vaccines.

Indexed as

Immunity, CellularMycobacterium tuberculosisT-LymphocytesTuberculosisTuberculosis VaccinesAnimalsHumansVaccine DevelopmentTuberculosis Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID40514544
PMCPMC12720485

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.