ReviewNature cancer2025
The tumor microenvironment's role in the response to immune checkpoint blockade.
Review in Nature cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Nanomedicine and the tumor immune microenvironment in cancer immunotherapy: a bibliometric and knowledge-mapping analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Acupuncture combined with immunotherapy for recurrent and metastatic cervical cancer: a pilot RCT protocol.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Trial
- Mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in enhancing the efficacy and reducing the toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitorsJournal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- In vivo immune cell engineering from bench to clinical reality.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2026Review
- Integrated bioinformatics and feature selection-based discovery of ADP-ribosylation-associated biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Article
- Unveiling the role of spatial transcriptomics in the analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- DONSON links tumor-cell survival to MIF-associated macrophage remodeling in small cell lung cancer.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
- Article
- Biomimetic Scaffold-Based 3D Models for Decoding Cancer Biology and Advancing Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Collagen-Binding IL-15 Immunocytokine Armed Oncolytic Adenovirus Establishes a Self-Reinforcing Immunostimulatory Milieu to Potentiate Antitumor Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived POSTN as a metabolic "switch" shapes lipid-stressed macrophage polarization in gastric cancer.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Beyond the BCG Paradox: Biological Rationale and Clinical Evidence for Combining Intravesical BCG with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in High-Risk Non-muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.Oncology and therapy · 2026Review
- Integrated pan-cancer analysis reveals a cancer-associated fibroblast oxidative stress response signature predicting immunotherapy response and prognosis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Links Between Natural Bioactive Molecules and Tumor Immune Microenvironment States in PD-1/PD-L1 Resistance.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- CHST1 Drives Immunotherapy Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Orchestrating an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment via the NKRF-CCL20-Macrophage Axis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Single-cell multiomics identifies an ALDH9A1-carnitine signaling axis driving resistance of NSCLC to immunotherapy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The Right Key, the Wrong Lock: TIGIT Checkpoint Blockade and the Road to Precision Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Beyond cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment (TME) includes cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems but also non-immune cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Depending on the cues they receive, infiltrating myeloid cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils, perform immune stimulatory or suppressive functions by educating adaptive immune cells, thereby guiding their responses to cancer cells and cancer treatment, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). The increasing understanding that anti-tumor immunity goes beyond T cells with improved functionality, and the unraveling of resistance mechanisms beyond T cell exhaustion, have renewed interest in non-T cell components of the TME to identify novel therapeutic targets and improve ICB responses. Here, we review immune and non-immune cellular components of the TME that regulate adaptive cell responses and their role in ICB response and resistance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.