ArticleImmunotherapy2025
Time toxicity of nivolumab in metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients: a single-institution experience.
Article in Immunotherapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Time toxicity in cancer care: a systematic review of definitions and measurement methods.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Cancer patients' experiences of "time toxicity": a qualitative meta-synthesis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Pooled it
- The time toxicity experience of primary caregivers of schizophrenia: a descriptive phenomenological study.BMC nursing · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTreatment of platinum-refractory recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (r/mHNSCC) involves immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Time toxicity (TT) is an emerging metric with implications for patient quality of life and decision-making. We sought to evaluate TT associated with nivolumab in these patients.
methodsThis is a retrospective single-institution review of patients with platinum-refractory r/mHNSCC seen at an academic cancer center between 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2022 in Ontario, Canada. Primary outcome is TT, defined as any number of days spent undergoing cancer-related activities.
resultsOf 56 patients evaluated, median age was 63 years (33-85) and 84% were male. Median overall survival (OS) and grade 3 immune-toxicities were 7.6 months and 6.2%, respectively. Median TT was 24 days (1-109), accounting for 7.6% of OS. TT accounted for 14.9% of OS in poor responders. TT accounted for only 4-6% for patients who survived more than a year.
conclusionsOur study provides an important and underexplored patient-centered metric in TT, especially in the context of incurable HNSCC with abysmal survival outcome. Our findings suggest that TT varies significantly between responders and non-responders. Duration of TT should be discussed with patients in shared decision-making when discussing palliative nivolumab.
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