ArticleTranslational oncology2025
Spatial heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression influence its assessment in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Article in Translational oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Post‑translational modification‑governed immune states in cancer immunity: Biomarker implications for checkpoint competence, tumor visibility and immunotherapy resistance (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- NY-ESO-1 and PD-L1 as biomarkers associated with nivolumab response and outcome in unresectable or recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter biomarker study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Digital immune twins and ai-integrated multi-omic biomarkers: Redefining personalized immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Advancing immunotherapy for esophageal cancer: decoding the roles of PD-L1, TME, and tumor-intrinsic biomarkers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a promising treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the predictive value of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, the most common biomarker for immunotherapy, remains controversial, particularly in the neoadjuvant setting. We hypothesized that the spatial heterogeneous of PD-L1 expression within tumors might render limited biopsy samples unrepresentative of the bulk tumor. In this study, we assessed the spatial heterogeneity in PD-L1 expression within ESCC by sampling four distinct regions using endoscopic biopsy forceps and the largest longitudinal sections on complete resected tumor from treatment-naïve patients. Our findings demonstrated the insufficiency of using limited biopsy tumor tissue to accurately determine the combined positive score (CPS) within the tumor. Notably, spatial heterogeneity was reduced when tumor's CPS was sufficiently high. Multi-region sampling assessment revealed that the maximum CPS derived from three regions provided a more accurate approximation of the bulk tumor's PD-L1 status. Additionally, the densities of CD8
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