ArticlePloS one2025
Associations of tongue and hyoid position, tongue volume, and pharyngeal airway dimensions with various dentoskeletal growth patterns.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hyoid Bone Position in Relation to Vertical Skeletal Pattern: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effects of Volumetric Alterations of the Tongue Base on Craniofacial Growth in the Adult Minipig.Journal of morphology · 2026Article
- Tongue muscle strength and resting posture across sagittal skeletal patterns in adolescents: a cross-sectional study using mediation analysis and decision tree.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Upper airway dimensions in adolescents with different craniofacial growth patterns: a retrospective cross-sectional comparison of independent samples from 2005 and 2020.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Computational fluid dynamics simulation of upper airway flow and soft tissue deformation in a mouth-breathing patient: a case study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study investigated the association between tongue and hyoid position, tongue volume, and pharyngeal airway dimensions with craniofacial growth patterns in the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes.
methodsCone beam computed tomography was used to assess 185 non-growing subjects (mean age, 28.7 ± 9.5 years). Multivariate linear regression analyses evaluated relationships between tongue and airway variables, and cephalometric/dental arch measurements.
resultsClass III skeletal patterns-reflected by lower ANB and higher APDI-were significantly correlated with anteriorly positioned hyoids (ANB: β = 0.249; APDI: β = -0.291), and lower tongue positions at the tongue tip (ANB: β = -0.231; APDI: β = 0.166) and in the posterior area (ANB: β = -0.186; APDI: β = 0.196), and greater tongue volume (APDI: β = 0.174). Hyperdivergent vertical patterns-indicated by a lower ODI-were significantly correlated with a lower tongue tip position (β = -0.311) and posterior tongue position (β = -0.230). Regarding transverse dimensions, tongue volume showed positive correlations with upper intermolar width (β = 0.349), lower intercanine width (β = 0.130), lower intermolar width (β = 0.311), and a negative correlation with upper intercanine width (β = -0.299).
conclusionsSagittal and vertical craniofacial patterns are interrelated and show associations with tongue and hyoid position, as well as tongue volume. Transverse dental arch dimensions are correlated not only with tongue position and volume but also with pharyngeal airway volume.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.