Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40512443›Full record

ArticleProbiotics and antimicrobial proteins2026

Immunoenhancing Effect of Lactobacillus Kefiranofaciens ZW18 Postbiotic On Cyclophosphamide-induced Immunosuppressed Mice.

Hanxue Xu, Xinyuan Li, Weitao Geng, Longgang Jia, Yanping Wang, Jinju Wang

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hanxue Xu *Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
Xinyuan Li *Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
Weitao GengTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
Longgang JiaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
Yanping WangTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China. ypwang40@163.com.
Jinju WangTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China. 13920304526@163.com.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 31801514Project Program of Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, 300457, Tianjin, China GCZX202402Project Program of Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, China TJS202301Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project 24YDTPJC00090
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from kefir grains, has various probiotic functions, including antioxidant activity, improvement of intestinal health, and immunomodulation. However, the effect of its postbiotic on immune modulation has been rarely reported. In this study, the immunomodulatory activities of the Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens ZW18 postbiotic (Post-ZW18) were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. We discovered that Post-ZW18 increased the phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells (P > 0.05) and promoted the secretion of cytokines, including NO, IL-6, and TNF-α (P < 0.05), thereby activating the immune response in macrophages in vitro. In vivo, Post-ZW18 reversed cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced weight loss and organ damage in immunosuppressed mice (P < 0.05), and enhanced the immune response by activating the TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway, promoting T cell activation and differentiation, and modulating the production of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and INF-γ (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Post-ZW18 remodeled the intestinal flora, increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio (P > 0.05), and upregulated the abundance of bacteria associated with immune activation, specifically increasing unclassified_Lachnospiraceae, Odoribacter, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group (P < 0.05). In summary, this study provided evidence that Post-ZW18 may serve as a novel dietary supplement for immune regulation.

Indexed as

LactobacillusProbioticsAnimalsCyclophosphamideCytokinesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeImmunocompromised HostMacrophagesMaleMicePhagocytosisRAW 264.7 CellsCyclophosphamideCytokinesGut microbiotaImmunosuppressionLactobacillus kefiranofaciensPostbiotic

Identifiers

PMID40512443

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.