ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2026
Nationwide analysis of spinal surgery in Japan from 1994 to 2021.
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations of paraspinal muscle quantity and quality with patient-reported outcomes in patients aged ≥85 years undergoing lumbar spine surgery: an exploratory retrospective study.Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2026Article
- Nationwide Trends and Safety Analysis of Adult Spinal Instrumentation Surgery: A Study using the JSIS-DB.Spine surgery and related research · 2026Article
- Uniportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion versus minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
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30 authors.
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Abstract
purposeIn this study, we aimed to compare the latest 2021 survey data with findings from 1994, 2001, and 2011 to elucidate the trends and transformations in spinal surgery over the past quarter-century.
methodsData from the 2021 survey were compared with retrospective data from previous surveys. The 2021 survey collected data on patient demographics, surgical techniques, and perioperative complications of spinal surgeries performed in November 2021 from 739 facilities. Trends in patient age, disease type, surgical approach, and complication rates were analyzed over time.
resultsThe most common age group shifted from 40 to 59 years in 1994 to the 70s by 2011 and 2021. Degenerative diseases, particularly lumbar spinal stenosis, remain prevalent with an increase in trauma and osteoporotic fractures. Surgical techniques have evolved with a decline in anterior approaches and an increase in minimally invasive and posterior surgeries. Complication rates remained stable, ranging from 8.6 to 10.4%, with a slight increase by 2021 (8.8%). However, dural tears have become more common, likely because of the technical demands of minimally invasive and instrumented surgeries.
conclusionsThe aging population of Japan has influenced spinal surgery demographics, and minimally invasive techniques have become more common, underscoring the need for enhanced training, improved techniques, and strategies tailored to older patients to improve future spinal surgery outcomes and support policy development.
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