Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40511731›Full record

ReviewNutrition reviews2025

Advances in Nutritional and Therapeutic Strategies for Type 2 Intestinal Failure: A Narrative Review.

Yizhou A Xia, David S Rowlands, Gil Hardy, Rozanne Kruger

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrition reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yizhou A XiaSchool of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0001-8656-0639
David S RowlandsSchool of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0002-4201-7754
Gil HardyIpanema Research Trust, Auckland 0624, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0002-3926-0526
Rozanne KrugerSchool of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0003-2117-3237

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This narrative review aims to examine the nutritional consequences of type 2 intestinal failure (T2IF), assess current nutritional therapies, and explore advanced methodologies to address feeding challenges. Type 2 intestinal failure is characterized by severe nutrient malabsorption, micronutrient deficiencies, and disease-related malnutrition, compounded by complications such as microbiota disruption. Effective nutritional management is essential to improve clinical outcomes, yet an evidence gap hinders the establishment of standardized care guidelines. A literature search was conducted using major databases to identify clinical trials, cohort studies, and reviews on clinical nutrition and intestinal failure. Findings were analyzed narratively due to study design heterogeneity. Type 2 intestinal failure presents significant risks of disease-related malnutrition, inflammation, and muscle wasting due to impaired nutrient absorption and prolonged immobility. Optimizing protein and dietary fiber intakes is essential to preserve muscle mass and gut health. Parenteral nutrition (PN) remains essential but prolonged reliance may contribute to delayed intestinal adaptation and mucosal atrophy, highlighting the need for gut-focused strategies. Adjunct therapies, such as glucagon-like peptide 2 and somatostatin analogs, support intestinal adaptation but inadequately address protein, dietary fiber, and micronutrient requirements. Chyme reinfusion therapy, which returns nutrient-rich chyme to the gut, shows promise in reducing PN dependency, improving weight, and facilitating earlier oral intake, but it requires validation through robust comparative studies and clinical trials. Advanced methodologies, such as stable-isotope tracer techniques and positron emission topographic tracing, offer precise insights into tissue nutrient metabolism; however, cost and technical challenges are barriers. Tailored nutritional interventions are critical for mitigating disease-related malnutrition and optimizing outcomes in T2IF. Bridging evidence gaps through advanced techniques and standardized protocols will aid in refining therapeutic strategies, enhance patient quality of life, and inform comprehensive care guidelines.

Indexed as

Intestinal FailureMalnutritionNutritional SupportNutrition TherapyDietary FiberHumansNutritional StatusParenteral NutritionDietary Fiberchyme reinfusionenterocutaneous fistulaemicronutrient deficienciesnutrient absorption/metabolismstable isotope tracers

Identifiers

PMID40511731
PMCPMC12512236

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.