ArticleBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2025
Ethnic Disparities in Severe Maternal Morbidity and the Contribution of Deprivation: A Population-Based Causal Analysis.
Article in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Interventions to Address Disparities in Perinatal Outcomes by Ethnicity: A Systematic Review.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Advancing maternal health equity: the need for cultural awareness and inclusivity in maternity service delivery in the UK: anchored in the MBRRACE-UK 2025 findings.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Managing Respiratory Failure in Late Pregnancy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Native American Pregnant and Postpartum People's Experiences of Discrimination During Perinatal Care: A Qualitative Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- The association between different aspects of socioeconomic deprivation and severe maternal morbidity.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the association between ethnicity and severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in England and the mediating effects of neighbourhood-level socio-economic deprivation across detailed ethnic groups.
designPopulation-based nationwide cohort study using English Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care (HES APC) data.
settingAll hospital births in NHS facilities in England between 1 January 2013 and 31 March 2023. POPULATION: A cohort of 3 839 156 women aged 10- 55 years with births of ≥ 20 weeks' gestation.
methodsMultivariable fixed and mixed-effects Poisson regression models were used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RR) for SMM across 10 ethnic groups compared to White women and for each ethnic group in different deprivation quintiles compared to White women in the least deprived neighbourhoods, respectively. Causal mediation analysis was used to calculate the proportion of the association mediated by deprivation.
main outcome measuresThe modified English Maternal Morbidity Outcome Indicator (EMMOI), a composite outcome of SMM.
resultsMinoritised ethnic groups experienced higher SMM risks than White women, with the highest risk for Black African women (RR 1.96, 95% CI: 1.82-2.02) and Bangladeshi women (RR 1.97, 95% CI: 1.88-2.07) compared to White women. The strength of the association varied across ethnic subgroups. Most of the effect of ethnicity on SMM was not mediated by deprivation (11%-29%).
conclusionsDeprivation plays a minor role in ethnic disparities in SMM. Policies must address the unique challenges faced by minoritised ethnic women.
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