Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40511282›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association2025

The role of force-sensing devices in spinal manipulative therapy research, education, and clinical practice.

Martha Funabashi, David Starmer, Nicole M Smith, Grand Choi, Andrew Dane, Aron S Downie, Felipe C K Duarte, Dana Hollandsworth, Christopher A Malaya, Isabelle Pagé and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Martha FunabashiCanadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario.
David StarmerCanadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario.
Nicole M SmithCanadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario.
Grand ChoiCanadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario.
Andrew DaneSchool of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Aron S DownieDepartment of Chiropractic, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Felipe C K DuarteSchool of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Dana HollandsworthParker University, Dallas, TX.
Christopher A MalayaParker University, Dallas, TX.
Isabelle PagéDepartment of Chiropractic, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec.
Casper NimMedical Research Unit, Spine Centre of South Denmark, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is commonly used by chiropractors, and much attention has been given to teaching students how to master it. Currently, over 20 chiropractic educational institutions use some type of force-sensing device (FSD) to teach students how to modulate their SMT force-time characteristics. Modulating SMT forces is believed to improve SMT's effectiveness, increase comfort during SMT, and reduce adverse events, contributing to improved clinical outcomes. In this commentary, we highlight the transition we are currently living in and discuss the strengths, uncertainties and opportunities of using FSDs to modulate SMT force-time characteristics within research, education, and clinical practice. Given that additional high-quality research is needed to determine if the ability to modulate SMT force-time characteristics indeed influences clinical effectiveness, increases patient comfort, and reduces adverse events, a collaborative effort is needed to address these critical research gaps. Specifically, having similar FSDs across educational institutions allows the collection of multicenter data, sharing research findings across different settings, and provides a unique opportunity for advancing educational and clinical research.

Indexed as

chiropracticforce modulationforce-sensing devicesmanual therapymotor skillsspinal manipulation

Identifiers

PMID40511282
PMCPMC12153234

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.