Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40511134›Full record

ArticleJournal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences2025

Enhancing Breastfeeding Outcomes: Nurse-Led Interventions in Breast Hygiene for Primigravida Mothers-A Mixed-Methods Analysis.

Jamuna Madhan, Theranirajan Ethiraj, Shankar Shanmugam Rajendran, Valveeman Vijayalakshmi, Uma Murugan, Vinitha Wilson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jamuna MadhanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Nursing, Madras Medical College, The TN MGR Medical University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Theranirajan EthirajDean, Madras Medical College, The TN Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Shankar Shanmugam RajendranPrincipal, College of Nursing, Madras Medical College, The TN Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Valveeman VijayalakshmiDepartment of Maternity Nursing, College of Nursing, Madras Medical College, The TN MGR Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Uma MuruganDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Nursing, Madras Medical College, The TN MGR Medical University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Vinitha WilsonDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Nursing, Madras Medical College, The TN MGR Medical University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Breastfeeding is vital for maternal and infant health, offering unparalleled benefits and fostering emotional bonding. However, many primigravida mothers face challenges such as latching issues, nipple pain, and concerns about milk adequacy. Insufficient knowledge and inconsistent breast hygiene practices exacerbate these difficulties. Aims: This study explores breastfeeding experiences among primigravida mothers and evaluates a nurse-led intervention aimed at improving breast hygiene knowledge and practices. Materials and Methods: Using a mixed-methods approach, qualitative data were analyzed phenomenologically, while quantitative data followed a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test control group design. Sixty mothers were equally divided into experimental and control groups. Data collection included interviews and pre/post-intervention assessments. The experimental group underwent a structured breast hygiene education program. Results: Key themes identified were physical challenges, emotional impacts, breastfeeding support, and knowledge about breastfeeding. Post-intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvements in breast hygiene knowledge (36.33% to 69.58%) and practices, unlike the control group. Sociodemographic factors, such as age, education, and family type, correlated with improved knowledge in the experimental group. Conclusion: Nurse-led educational interventions significantly enhance breast hygiene knowledge and practices in primigravida mothers. Tailored strategies should be integrated into maternal health programs to improve breastfeeding outcomes.

Indexed as

Breastfeedingbreast hygieneeducation programsnurse-led interventionprimigravida mothers

Identifiers

PMID40511134
PMCPMC12156594

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LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.