ArticleFrontiers in ophthalmology2025
Effects of regular, glulisine, and aspart insulin on vascular endothelial growth factor and angiotensinogen expression in hyperglycemic retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs).
Article in Frontiers in ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Insulin production in the retina drives autocrine signalling and metabolism reprogramming of the ARPE-19, a retinal pigment epithelium cellular model.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- Ginger-Derived Nanoparticles Deliver a VEGFA-Targeting DNAzyme and Modulate Retinal VEGFA Expression and Inflammatory Markers in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Local Insulin for Local Needs? Insights into Retinal Insulin Signaling and RPE Metabolism.Biomolecules · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss and is primarily driven by chronic hyperglycemia, which induces retinal vascular damage through mechanisms involving vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This study investigated the effects of hyperglycemia and different insulin formulations-regular, glulisine, and aspart-on VEGF-A and angiotensinogen (AGT) gene expression in two human retinal cell types: retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs). Methods: Cells were cultured from donor tissue and exposed to physiologic and hyperglycemic glucose concentrations, with or without insulin treatment. Gene expression levels were quantified using real-time PCR. Results: Hyperglycemia significantly upregulated VEGF-A and AGT in both RPE and HREC cells (e.g., VEGF-A in RPE: 2.62-fold, Discussion: These findings highlight the differential biological effects of insulin analogues and suggest that aspart insulin, in particular, may offer therapeutic benefits beyond glycemic control by modulating both VEGF-A and RAS-related pathways. Tailored insulin therapies could represent innovative strategies for managing or slowing the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
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