ArticleTobacco induced diseases2025
The global, regional, and national burden of secondhand smoke-related tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer: Results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Global, regional, and national trends in burden of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and associated risk factors, 1990-2021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- The global burden of lower respiratory infections attributable to smoking and secondhand smoke, 1990-2021, with projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the GBD 2021 study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
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Abstract
introductionThis study analyzes the global, regional, and national health burden of secondhand smoke-related tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer from 1990 to 2021.
methodsThis is a secondary dataset analysis of the GBD dataset. First, the number and age-standardized rate (ASR) per 100000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) related to TBL cancer due to secondhand smoke in 2021 were analyzed at multiple levels. The temporal trends in disease burden between 1990 and 2021 were then analyzed by a linear regression model.
resultsGlobally, the number of deaths and DALYs from secondhand smoke-related TBL cancer increased from 57.6 thousand and 1598.9 thousand in 1990 to 97.9 thousand and 2355.9 thousand in 2021. Men faced higher risks, with 56.8 thousand deaths and 1359.6 thousand DALYs in 2021. The highest number of deaths and DALYs occurred in the age groups of 70-74 years (15731; 95% UI: 1787-30495) and 65-69 years (380606; 95% UI: 47383-717297), respectively. Disease burden varies widely across sociodemographic index (SDI) regions, GBD regions, and countries. In 2021, the high-middle SDI region had the highest ASRs of deaths (1.96; 95% UI: 0.23-3.67) and DALYs (47.2; 95% UI: 5.65-87.54), and the highest number of deaths (39124; 95% UI: 4613-73341) and DALYs (936577; 95% UI: 111577-1736627). ASR for deaths and DALYs was highest in East Asia (2.75; 95% UI: 0.34-5.18 and 62.42; 95% UI: 7.79-116.4). Among the countries, China has the highest number of deaths (58034; 95% UI: 7170-109625) and DALYs (1359730; 95% UI: 170188-2537368), and Montenegro has the highest ASR of deaths (3.45; 95% UI: 0.38-7.06) and DALYs (84.34; 95% UI: 9.36-170.96).
conclusionsThis study describes the disease burden of secondhand smoke-related TBL cancer, emphasizing secondhand smoke is a non-negligible risk factor for TBL cancer. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for formulating targeted tobacco control policies, which could significantly contribute to reducing the global burden of TBL cancer.
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