Comparative impacts of polyethylene and biodegradable film residues on soil microbial communities and rapeseed performance under field conditions.

Introduction: Soil health is critical for sustainable agriculture and food security, however, the accumulation of agricultural mulch film residues in soil raises environmental concerns. The effects of conventional polyethylene (PE) and biodegradable (PBAT and PLA) film residues on soil health, microbial communities, and crop productivity under field conditions have not been adequately investigated. Methods: This study simulated the accumulation of PE film residues from over 30 years of continuous mulching and evaluated PBAT and PLA film residues under field conditions, examining their effects on soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities and rapeseed performance. Results: The results revealed that PE residues significantly altered microbial community composition, enhancing the relative abundance of core genera, including Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that conventional film residues had no significant effect on rapeseed productivity, whereas biodegradable films exhibited superior performance in maintaining soil fertility and microbial functions under field conditions. Our study emphasizes the need for long-term monitoring to effectively optimize agricultural plastic film applications.