ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Global, regional, and national trends in pulmonary arterial hypertension burden, 1990-2021: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Burden dynamics of pulmonary arterial hypertension in China and the G20 aggregate: a comparative analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2023.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Global Burden of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Older Adults and Its Causal Association With Body Mass Index.Pulmonary circulation · 2026Article
- Global Burden of Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- HBiomedicines · 2026Article
- Validity of the 2019 European Society of Cardiology Pre-Test Probability (2019 ESC-PTP) for predicting obstructive coronary artery disease among Malaysians.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Co-Spray-Dried Macitentan-Tadalafil with Leucine Microparticles for Inhalable Delivery in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Potential Therapeutic Targets of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products for Cardiovascular Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Global disease burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension: patterns and inequality in 1990-2021, with projections to 2035.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The Role of Exosomes in Pulmonary Hypertension: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- NF-κB signaling as a critical inflammatory node in pulmonary arterial hypertension: from vascular remodeling to right heart failure.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- COPD in Africa in the Post-COVID Era: A GBD 2023 Analysis of Trends, Demographic Drivers and Health-System Performance.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Impact of Social Deprivation on Diagnosis, Management and Outcome of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy at a Tertiary UK Centre.Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS · 2025Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Objectives: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and life-threatening condition. This study systematically examines the global epidemiology of PAH, focusing on trends in incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) over the past 32 years to inform evidence-based policy and healthcare strategies. Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study was used to analyze PAH incidence, mortality, and DALYs globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021. Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), death rate (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were assessed by age, gender, and socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to evaluate the temporal patterns of disease burden changes across GBD regions. Results: Global PAH incident cases increased by 85.6%, from 23,301 in 1990 to 43,251 in 2021. ASIR increased slightly from 0.50 to 0.52 per 100,000 persons (EAPC 0.05%). From 1990 to 2021, PAH-related deaths increased from 14,842 to 22,021, though ASMR decreased (EAPC -0.57%). In 2021, PAH accounted for 642,104 DALYs, with ASDR showing a downward trend (EAPC -1.31%). Regions with low SDI exhibited the highest ASIR, while both ASMR and DALYs decreased across all SDI categories. Southern Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest incidence, while Central Asia saw the largest increases in mortality and DALYs. Conclusion: Over the past 32 years, global ASMR and ASDR for PAH have decreased, while ASIR showed a modest increase. Persistent imbalances in treatment and outcomes remain in certain regions. Enhanced prevention and comprehensive management strategies are needed to diminish the global PAH burden and improve health equity.
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