ArticleBMJ open sport & exercise medicine2025
Lower extremity functional performance tests and their measurement properties in athletes: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.
Article in BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Relationships between functional performance, body composition, and biochemical markers of inflammation in young men who play team sports.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pass Rates of Return to Sport Test Batteries Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Establishing the Reliability of a Functional Performance Test Battery That Incorporates the QASLS Tool in Pre-Elite Female Field Hockey Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Discriminative efficacy and comparative analysis of functional performance tests for lower-limb injuries in Chinese elite female basketball athletes: a pilot cross-sectional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
abstractObjective: To identify functional performance tests (FPTs) with potential to identify athletes at risk of lower extremity injury (LEI) and assess their measurement properties. Design: Systematic review conducted in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and PRISMA in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Sports Science guidance. Data sources: Two-stage systematic search of Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and SPORTDiscus databases from inception to 24 November 2023, supplemented by hand searching of reference lists, key journals and grey literature. Eligibility criteria: Search 1 identified FPT predicting LEI in athletes aged >16 years competing at elite, pre-elite or collegiate levels and feasible in the field. Search 2 assessed measurement properties of identified FPT. COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments risk of bias checklist and criteria for good measurement properties were applied, and evidence summarised using modified Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations guidelines. Results: Fifty-nine studies evaluating 15 FPTs were included. Reliability (n=14), measurement error (n=11), structural validity/internal consistency (n=2), criterion validity (n=11), construct validity (n=5) and responsiveness (n=1) were assessed. No FPT demonstrated high certainty for measurement properties. Y-balance test (YBT) demonstrated moderate certainty for three properties (intrarater reliability, criterion validity and responsiveness). Knee to wall (KTW), single-leg squat (SLS), drop vertical jump (DVJ) and single hop for distance (SHFD) showed moderate certainty for two properties (reliability, intra/inter test-retest; criterion validity). Side hop, functional movement screen and landing error scoring system showed moderate certainty for one measurement property. Practicability assessment revealed poor reporting of time requirements and results production. Conclusion: Moderate-certainty evidence supported reliability and validity of five FPTs (YBT, KTW, SLS, DVJ, SHFD) used to identify athletes at LEI risk. Studies with low bias and comprehensive practicability evaluations are lacking.
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