Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40510220›Full record

ArticleBiological psychiatry global open science2025

Antidepressant Switching as a Proxy Phenotype for Drug Nonresponse: Investigating Clinical, Demographic, and Genetic Characteristics.

Chris Wai Hang Lo, Alexandra C Gillett, Matthew H Iveson, Michelle Kamp, Chiara Fabbri, Win Lee Edwin Wong, Dale Handley, Oliver Pain, Evangelos Vassos, Naomi R Wray and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biological psychiatry global open science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Understanding antidepressant change patterns in the UK Biobank.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Observational
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Rethinking the Treatment-Resistant Depression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Chris Wai Hang LoSocial, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Alexandra C GillettSocial, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Matthew H IvesonDivision of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Michelle KampSocial, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Chiara FabbriDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Win Lee Edwin WongSocial, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Dale HandleySocial, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Oliver PainDepartment of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Evangelos VassosSocial, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Naomi R WrayInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Heather C WhalleyDivision of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Danyang LiSocial, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Allan H YoungDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Andrew M McIntoshDivision of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Cathryn M LewisSocial, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a first-line pharmacological therapy in major depressive disorder (MDD), but treatment response rates are low. Clinical trials lack the power to study the genetic contribution to SSRI response. Real-world evidence from electronic health records provides larger sample sizes, but novel response definitions are needed to accurately define SSRI nonresponders. Methods: In the UK Biobank (UKB) ( Results: In the UKB, 5133 (13.2%) SSRI switchers and 33,680 nonswitchers were defined. The mean time to switch was 28 days (interquartile range, 17-49). Switching patterns were consistent across the UKB and Generation Scotland ( Conclusions: This study identified SSRI switching as a proxy for nonresponse, scalable across biobanks with electronic health records, capturing demographics and genetics of treatment nonresponse, and independent of MDD genetics.

Indexed as

Antidepressant responseElectronic health recordsGeneration ScotlandGWASSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)UK Biobank

Identifiers

PMID40510220
PMCPMC12162021

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.