ArticleFrontiers in neurology2025
Progression independent of relapsing biology in multiple sclerosis: a real-word study.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Investigating the role of serum IL-6 in predicting outcomes of b-cell depleting therapy in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective cohort study.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Building Towards Initiation, Moderation, De-Escalation and Cessation of Disease-Modifying Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis in Greece: An Expert Panel Consensus Meeting.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- From Phenotypes to Spectrum: Rethinking RRMS, SPMS and PPMS in the Era of PIRA-A Framework Integrating PIRA, Smouldering-Associated Worsening, and Neurologic Reserve to Facilitate Earlier Recognition of Progression.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Neurofilament Biomarkers in Neurology: From Neuroinflammation to Neurodegeneration, Bridging Established and Novel Analytical Advances with Clinical Practice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) implies disability progression in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) secondary to neurodegeneration. Mechanistically and biologically PIRA could impact the traditional distinction between progressive and relapsing-MS. Herein, we estimated progression independent of relapsing biology (PIRB) in a cohort of 823 participants with clinically-isolated syndrome/RRMS in Calgary, Canada using a modified criterion [excluding relapses, inflammatory MRI activity, interim disability worsening/improvement over the observation period, and progression secondary to alternative causes including formal conversion to secondary-progressive MS]. PIRB was rare and rates remained consistent across disease-modifying therapies (3.75% dimethyl fumarate, 3.67% fingolimod, 3.72% ocrelizumab, 3.52% minocycline) despite varied rates of disability progression. PIRB may offer a practical alternative to the concept of PIRA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.