ArticleImmunotherapy2025
Pembrolizumab-induced myocarditis, myositis, and myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome (IM3OS) treated with Efgartigimod: case report.
Article in Immunotherapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Triple-M syndrome after immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review of cases-early recognition is critical to survival.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis with myositis and/or myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome: A case series.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Efgartigimod as Rescue Therapy for PD-1 Inhibitor-Associated Myasthenia Gravis, Myocarditis, and Myositis (MMM) Syndrome: A 2-Case Report and Literature Review.The American journal of case reports · 2026Review
- Case Report: Two atypical cases of M6-like antimitochondrial antibody pattern unlinked to iproniazid.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Efgartigimod in the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myasthenia gravis -myositis overlap syndrome: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Fatal myocarditis and myasthenia gravis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: concurrent dual adverse events in an older adult.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of many malignancies. However, they may be associated with life-threatening immune-mediated adverse effects.In this article, we present the case of a patient diagnosed with stage IIB acral melanoma (pT4aN0M0) who started adjuvant treatment with pembrolizumab, after which he developed severe myocarditis with myositis and myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome (IM3OS) treated with Efgartigimod.The use of Efgartigimod resulted in a remarkable recovery, marking the first reported acute application of this agent for IM3OS and positive anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies (anti-AChR).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.