ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Inflammatory and Angiogenic Mediators Are Differentially Ex-Pressed in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome with Normal and Abnormal Spirometry Results.
Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundInflammatory and angiogenic mediators play a key role in post-COVID-19 syndrome pathophysiology. These mediators might be of prognostic value for pulmonary function in this syndrome.
objectivesTo determine interleukin-6, -12, and -17, macrophage inflammatory protein-1A (MIP-1A), the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) gene expression levels, the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plasma levels, and the association of clinical data with pulmonary function in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome with normal and abnormal spirometry results.
methodsDemographic/clinical data and blood samples were collected (45 patients). Pulmonary function was evaluated (spirometry), and the gene expression levels of inflammatory and angiogenic mediators (IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, MIP-1A, and VEGF-A) were determined in PBMCs (qPCR). MMP-9 plasma levels were determined (ELISA).
resultsSeventeen out of forty-five patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome had abnormal spirometry values, which were associated with arterial hypertension, pneumonia, previous hospitalization, and disease severity (
conclusionsPost-COVID-19 syndrome has a complex immune pathophysiology, but potential inflammatory and angiogenic biomarkers, such as IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, MIP-1A, and VEGF-A, are differentially expressed in this syndrome and might be prognostic predictors of post-COVID-19 syndrome associated with pulmonary function alterations.
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