Analysis of the Effects of Tandem Welding (Fronius TPS/i - TWIN) of S1100QL and S1300QL Steels.

Mateusz Karczewski, Krzysztof Mroczka, Sławomir Parzych, Piotr Bała, Grzegorz Cios, Janusz Mikuła, Grzegorz Jeż

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Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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7 authors.

Mateusz KarczewskiFaculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, CUT Doctoral School, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Str., 31-155 Kraków, Poland.

Krzysztof MroczkaFaculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Str., 31-155 Kraków, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4752-0308

Sławomir ParzychFaculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Str., 31-155 Kraków, Poland.

Piotr BałaFaculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Kraków, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-9896-6350

Grzegorz CiosAcademic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Kraków, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-4269-5456

Janusz MikułaFaculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Str., 31-155 Kraków, Poland.

Grzegorz JeżFaculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, CUT Doctoral School, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Str., 31-155 Kraków, Poland.

Funding

Ministry of Science and Higher Education DWD/6/0529/2022

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

S1100QL and S1300QL steels are classified as fine-grained steels with a low-carbon martensitic structure. Tandem welding is a method of creating a joint by melting two electrode wires in a one-behind-the-other configuration. This article presents the effects of creating dissimilar joints, elements of varying thicknesses made from S1100QL and S1300QL steels. The analysis focused on temperature changes in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) during welding, as well as the macro and microstructure, and the properties of the joints created at welding speeds of 80, 90, and 100 cm/min. The shortest cooling time (t8/5) in the HAZ for S1300QL steel was 9.4 s, while the longest was 12.4 s. Thermal cycle simulations were performed for the analyzed materials, with a cooling time of 5 s. The test results demonstrated that TWIN welding was stable, and an optimum welding speed is 80 cm/min. The HAZ microstructure for the highest cooling speed (t8/5 = 5 s) of S1100QL steel contains, in addition to martensite, lower bainite, while S1300QL steel consists of martensite. Tempered martensite was also detected at slower cooling rates. For all speed variants, the impact energy is above 27 J at a test temperature of -40 °C. In turn, hardness tests showed that the base material for both steels has the highest hardness. However, the lowest hardness was found for the weld.

Indexed as

Fronius TWINhigh-strength steelsmartensite and bainite microstructuretandem welding

Identifiers

PMID40508577

DOI10.3390/ma18112577

PMCPMC12155677

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