Optimization of Flow Rate for Uniform Zinc Phosphate Coating on Steel Cylinders: A Study on Coating Uniformity and Elemental Composition Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Yu-Nah Jeong, Chibuzo Nwabufo Okwuosa, Jung-Woo Hwang, Jang-Wook Hur

Abstract read

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Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 authors.

Yu-Nah JeongDepartment of Mechanical Engineering (Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering), Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi-si 39177, Gyeonsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.

Chibuzo Nwabufo OkwuosaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering (Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering), Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi-si 39177, Gyeonsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-6501-5201

Jung-Woo HwangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering (Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering), Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi-si 39177, Gyeonsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.

Jang-Wook HurDepartment of Mechanical Engineering (Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering), Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi-si 39177, Gyeonsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.

Funding

Grant funded by the MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea, under the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center) support program. Supervised by the IITP (Institute for Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation. 50% contribution IITP-2024-RS-2024-00438430Ministry of Science and ICT IITP-2025-RS-2020-II201612

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Uniformity in material coating is not only essential for ensuring durability and long-term reliability but also for reducing costs, optimizing resources, and maintaining high-quality standards in industrial applications. Zinc phosphate is notable for coating steel surfaces due to its excellent corrosion resistance and adhesion properties in various industries. This study investigates the optimal flow rate of a diaphragm pump for achieving the effective and uniform coating of a steel cylinder. The coating uniformity was assessed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), focusing on layer thickness and elemental composition. A range of flow rates was analyzed to determine their influence on coating quality and regularity, with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) revealing the distribution and homogeneity of the applied layer. The results identified a flow rate of 30 L/min as optimal with a thickness of 3.6 µm of coating on both sample sides, as it minimized surface defects and ensured consistent thickness across the cylinder. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing industrial coating processes, contributing to improved efficiency and reduced resource waste.

Indexed as

energy-dispersive spectroscopyflow ratephosphatingscanning electron microscopyuniformityzinc phosphate

Identifiers

PMID40508440

DOI10.3390/ma18112442

PMCPMC12156916

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.