ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
IgG4-Related Disease: Current and Future Insights into Pathological Diagnosis.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Eosinophil Extracellular Traps in Health and Disease: From Host Defense to Chronic Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Pediatric Sjögren's Disease: Literature Review and Diagnostic Challenges in an Uncommon Case.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Proof-of-concept study: longitudinal immune biomarker signatures in treatment-naïve IgG4-related disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- IgG4-Related Disease Strikes the Cervical Spine: First Description of a Rare Cause for C1 Destruction and Tetraparetic Stenosis.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Case Report: A rare case of IgG4-related disease initially manifesting with diarrhea and jaundice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- From inflammatory initiation to fibrotic remodeling: mechanisms and precision therapeutic strategies in otorhinolaryngologic involvement of IgG4-related disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Case Report: Serum IgG4-negative multifocal IgG4-related hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor: dissociation between circulating IgG4 and local immune activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic pitfalls in IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis presenting as perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: case report with literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibroinflammatory condition marked by tumefactive lesions, IgG4+ plasma cell-rich infiltrates, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis. Its multisystem involvement and overlap with malignancies, infections, and immune disorders complicate diagnosis despite recent classification advances. This study summarizes diagnostic challenges, highlights the role of histopathology as per the 2019 classification criteria established by the American College of Rheumatology and the European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR), and explores emerging tools to improve diagnostic accuracy. ACR/EULAR classification emphasizes three cardinal histopathological features (storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, or dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates) combined with an IgG4+/IgG+ plasma cell ratio >40% and organ-specific IgG4+ thresholds. While serum IgG4 levels are often elevated, their poor specificity necessitates confirmatory biopsy. Diagnostic limitations include sampling variability due to patchy fibrosis, interobserver discrepancies in immunohistochemical interpretation, and differentiation from mimics like lymphoma. Emerging solutions incorporate novel biomarkers (plasmablasts, anti-annexin A11) and advanced techniques (flow cytometry, digital pathology). Future research directions should focus on AI-assisted pattern recognition, multi-omics profiling, and organ-specific criteria refinement. While histopathology remains the diagnostic cornerstone, a multidisciplinary approach integrating clinical, radiological, and laboratory data is vital. Innovations in biomarkers promise improved diagnostic accuracy and personalized care, balancing novel advancements with foundational pathological evaluation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.