Can Proteomics Play a Significant Role in the Identification of Biomarkers for Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency?

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a common genetic disorder that can manifest in a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe, progressive systemic diseases, primarily affecting the lungs and liver. Despite its prevalence, AATD is often perceived as a rare condition, which can lead to a lack of awareness among primary care physicians and even some respiratory specialists. This misconception may result in missed opportunities for diagnosis, particularly in mild or asymptomatic patients. Consequently, it is vital for healthcare providers to familiarize themselves with the various presentations, diagnostic techniques, and management strategies for AATD. This review explores the current understanding of AATD, emphasizing the valuable role of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in identifying biomarkers that could enhance early diagnosis and help predict disease outcomes. As knowledge about the complexities of AATD continues to grow, physicians may begin to view the disorder not as a fatal pathology, but as a treatable inherited condition with the potential for improved management.