ReviewCancers2025
The Metabolic Orchestration of Immune Evasion in Glioblastoma: From Molecular Perspectives to Therapeutic Vulnerabilities.
Review in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- RNA Expression Signatures in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review of Tumour Biology and Therapeutic Targets.Oncology research · 2025Pooled it
- Microbiota-Neuroinflammation Crosstalk in Primary Brain Tumors: Focus on Glioblastoma.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- Diphenyl Diselenide and Temozolomide: Downregulation of Inflammatory, Redox, and Tumor-Associated Pathways in Glioblastoma.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint crosstalk between LAG-3 and CD39/CD73 in glioblastoma: dual-pathway regulation of metabolic exhaustion and therapeutic reversal strategies.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Review
- Precision Immunotherapeutics for Glioblastoma: Current Approaches and Emerging Strategies in 2026.Cells · 2026Review
- Endogenous immune recruitment in glioblastoma CAR T therapy: cytokine, myeloid, and chemokine circuitry.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Nexus of IDO1/Kynurenine Pathway to T-Cell Exhaustion: Hypoxia-Induced Tryptophan Metabolism in Glioblastoma.Metabolites · 2026Review
- When Central Tolerance Fails: Thymic Malignancies at the Intersection of Cancer Immunity and Autoimmunity.Cancers · 2026Review
- Necrotic Cells Alter IRE1α-XBP1 Signaling and Induce Transcriptional Changes in Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Reconceptualizing glioblastoma immunotherapy: a four-pillar framework to overcome multidimensional resistance.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Local Nanomedicine and Nano-Enabled Biomaterials After Glioblastoma Resection.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Dietary polyphenols and nutritional modulators in glioblastoma: mechanistic promise and translational barriers.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy response and resistance in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The dynamic myeloid-enriched microenvironment of glioblastoma: a major challenge to immunotherapy efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Adaptive immunotherapeutic paradigms in diffuse midline glioma: integrating epigenetic reprogramming, neuron-glioma interactions, and tumor microenvironment modulation.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Lactate-Mediated Epigenetic and Immunometabolic Reprogramming in Glioma: An Emerging Axis Linking Metabolism to Tumor Progression.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Heterogeneity phenotypes in recurrent glioblastoma: a multimodal MRI-based spatial mapping framework for precision treatment.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- Anatomy-Guided Microsurgical Resection of a Dominant Frontal Lobe Tumor Without Intraoperative Adjuncts: A Case Report from a Resource-Limited Context.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain cancer with dismal prognoses despite current standards of care. Immunotherapy is being explored for GBM, given its promising results in other solid malignancies; however, the results from early clinical studies in GBM are disappointing. It has been discovered that GBM has numerous mechanisms of immune resistance, including the physical blood-brain barrier, high intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, and numerous cellular and molecular components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that promote immunosuppression. Furthermore, GBM utilizes numerous metabolic pathways to establish a survival advantage in the TME. Recently, it has begun to become evident that these complex metabolic pathways that promote GBM growth and invasion also contribute to tumor immune resistance. Aerobic glycolysis provides tumor cells with ample ATP while depleting key glucose and increasing acidity in the TME. Increased glutamine, tryptophan, and arginine metabolism deprives T cells of these necessary amino acids for proper anti-tumor function. Sphingolipid metabolism promotes an immunosuppressive phenotype in the TME and affects immune cell trafficking. This review will discuss, in detail, the key metabolic pathways relevant to GBM pathophysiology which also modulate host immunosuppression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.