Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40507359›Full record

ReviewCancers2025

Role of B-Mode and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Diagnostic Workflow of Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (GEP-NETs).

Linda Galasso, Maria Grazia Maratta, Valeria Sardaro, Giorgio Esposto, Irene Mignini, Raffaele Borriello, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Elena Ainora, Giovanni Schinzari, Maria Assunta Zocco

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Linda GalassoDepartment of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Maria Grazia MarattaMedical Oncology Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8057-6629
Valeria SardaroMedical Oncology Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Giorgio EspostoDepartment of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0009-0007-8296-168X
Irene MigniniDepartment of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8192-631X
Raffaele BorrielloDepartment of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4861-8040
Antonio GasbarriniDepartment of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6230-1779
Maria Elena AinoraDepartment of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Giovanni SchinzariMedical Oncology Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Maria Assunta ZoccoDepartment of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) represent a rare and varied class of neoplasms, characterized by diverse clinical presentations and prognostic trajectories. Accurate and prompt diagnosis is vital to inform and optimize therapeutic decisions. Ultrasound, including standard B-mode imaging and advanced methods such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), serves as a key component in the diagnostic evaluation of these tumors. B-mode US and CEUS provide non-invasive, accessible methods for early detection and characterization. On B-mode imaging, GEP-NETs typically present as well-defined, hyperechoic, or iso-echoic lesions, while CEUS highlights their characteristic vascularity, marked by arterial-phase hyperenhancement and venous-phase washout. Compared to CT and MRI, ultrasound offers real-time, dynamic imaging without ionizing radiation or nephrotoxic contrast agents, making it particularly advantageous for patients requiring frequent monitoring or with contraindications to other imaging modalities. CT and MRI are widely regarded as the preferred methods for staging and surgical planning due to their detailed anatomical visualization. However, ultrasound, especially CEUS, provides a significant adjunctive role in both early detection and the follow-up on GEP-NETs. This analysis delves into the strengths, challenges, and innovations in ultrasound technology for diagnosing pancreatic NETs, focusing on its contribution to comprehensive imaging strategies and its impact on patient care decisions.

Indexed as

computed tomography (CT)contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine (GEP-NETS)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Identifiers

PMID40507359
PMCPMC12153891

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.