ArticleCancers2025
Protein Biomarkers Enable Sensitive and Specific Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) II/III+ Detection: One Step Closer to Universal Cervical Cancer Screening.
Article in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomarkers for Gynaecological Cancers.Cancers · 2026Article
- HPV genotype-specific p16/Ki67 expression with machine learning-assisted assessment in cervical neoplasia.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesCervical cancer (CC) is a significant global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where limited access to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and effective CC screening results in a majority of cases and fatalities among women. Moreover, existing vaccines do not target HPV-independent cancers. Current screening methods are expensive and time-consuming, with a limited emphasis on CC protein biomarkers. Therefore, we aimed to validate critical markers that allow the development of affordable point-of-care screening tests for resource-limited settings.
methodsThis study first optimized a cell lysis and protein extraction protocol for CC cell lines and clinical cervical swabs. Subsequently, four proteins-topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A), minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2), valosin-containing protein (VCP), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16INK4a)-were quantified in the resulting lysates using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, as well as in cervical tumors and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) using immunohistochemistry for further validation.
resultsAcetone precipitation allowed for efficient cell isolation, and radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer yielded the highest protein recovery. VCP and p16INK4a were overexpressed across all cancer cell lines compared to primary cells. All four biomarkers were overexpressed in high-grade SIL (HSIL) swab specimens and tumor samples, including CC subtypes, G1-G3 tumor grades, and HSILs. Lastly, we showed that the proteins could accurately classify swabs and tissue specimens into clinically relevant groups.
conclusionsThe quantitative analysis of these biomarkers, along with the subsequent sensitive and specific clinical classification, highlights their potential application in SIL early detection and CC prevention, particularly in LMICs.
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