ArticleNutrients2025
Nurturing Movement: Longitudinal Associations Between Caregiver Type, Adolescent Diet, and Young Adult Physical Activity in a National Cohort.
Article in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundChildhood obesity rates remain high in the United States, with long-term implications for physical and mental health. Emerging research suggests that caregiving arrangements, particularly those involving non-parental caregivers such as grandparents, may influence adolescent health behaviors, including diet and physical activity. This study examined whether caregiver type (parents-only, grandparents-only, or multi-generational households) during adolescence predicted dietary patterns and physical activity trajectories into young adulthood.
methodsData were drawn from 6260 participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Caregiver type was identified at baseline (Wave 1), and dietary intake and physical activity were assessed across four waves from adolescence (~age 15) to early adulthood (~age 29). We employed generalized linear models and linear mixed-effects models with multiply imputed data to examine changes in sedentary behavior, individual exercise, and team sport participation over time, controlling for age, sex, and race.
resultsOverall dietary intake at baseline did not significantly differ by caregiver type (Wilks' Λ = 0.998,
conclusionsCaregiver structure during adolescence appears to shape long-term physical activity patterns, albeit modestly. These findings highlight the need to consider diverse family configurations-particularly grandparent-led households-when designing public health interventions to promote adolescent nutrition and physical activity.
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