ArticleJournal of eating disorders2025
Global, regional and national level burden of bulimia nervosa from 1990 to 2021 and their projections to 2030: analysis of the global burden of disease study.
Article in Journal of eating disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bulimia nervosa.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Intertwined paths: exploring the link between oral diseases and eating disorders. A comprehensive narrative review.The British journal of nutrition · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBulimia nervosa (BN) is increasingly recognized as a significant public health issue worldwide. This study aims to explore the effects of BN on global, regional, and national scales by analyzing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021.
methodsWe obtained the age-standardized rates (ASRs) of prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years rates (DALYs), along with their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for BN from the GBD 2021 dataset, covering the period from 1990 to 2021. And estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) was used to represent the changing trend of BN burden. The Long-term trends of the burden of BN were quantified by Age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. Furthermore, an evaluation of inequality and a prospective prediction concerning the worldwide impact of BN is performed.
resultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the global burden of BN showed a continuous increase. In 2021, the highest burden of BN was observed in regions with a high socio-demographic index (SDI), particularly in Australasia (ASPR was 811.9 per 100,000 individuals; 95% UI: 629.68 to 1041.59). The most substantial increase in the burden of BN was observed in Asia. In the national level, Equatorial Guinea experienced the most significant increase in the burden of BN from 1990 to 2021 (EAPC of ASPR was 3.48; 2.86 to 4.11). In contrast, burden of BN in High-income North America recorded a substantial decrease from 1990 to 2021 (EAPC of ASPRs was − 0.26; -0.39 to -0.13). The growth rate of male BN burden was higher than that of female. The relative inequality of the BN burden decreased between 1990 and 2021. Further forecasts from the GBD indicated that the global burden of BN would continue to rise by 2030.
conclusionThese results can help governments across the globe in developing suitable health and medical policies focused on the prevention and early intervention of BN. Moreover, the differences in BN burden should be analyzed based on region, nation, gender, and year when setting international health goals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.