ReviewBioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy2025
Emerging Role of Targeted Monoclonal Antibodies in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.
Review in BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Monoclonal antibodies in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2026Pooled it
- CD11c + microglia: From basic research to clinical application.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Safety and Effectiveness of Inebilizumab in Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Interim Analysis of a Post-marketing Surveillance in Japan.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Obinutuzumab β for aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a phase 3 randomized controlled trial.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Epithelial plasma membrane transporters as drug targets.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab Versus Inebilizumab in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Dual-Center, Real-World Cohort Study.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of adverse event reporting signals between Satralizumab and Inebilizumab in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A pharmacovigilance study using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.Intractable & rare diseases research · 2026Article
- Subsequent treatment strategies following rituximab-resistance in AQP4-IgG+ neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a case series.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Neuroimmunological overlap syndromes in optic neuritis, myelitis, and connective tissue diseases.Frontiers in neurologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare, autoimmune disease that results in recurring, often severe attacks on the optic nerves and spinal cord that may result in profound visual loss and paralysis. Since the late 1990s, NMOSD was treated with traditional immunosuppressive therapies. Recently, four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were granted Food and Drug Administration approval for aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG)-seropositive NMOSD treatment: eculizumab, inebilizumab, satralizumab, and ravulizumab. These targeted immunomodulatory therapies have emerged as a transformative approach to effectively reduce NMOSD attack frequency in AQP4-IgG-seropositive patients. We explore the role of these preventative mAbs for NMOSD management by reviewing the efficacy, safety, mechanisms of action, and administration of these agents, and compare them to rituximab and traditional immunosuppressants. We discuss therapy selection and the clinical challenges of therapeutic management, including medication adherence, therapeutic monitoring strategies, economic considerations, and medication accessibility, while managing therapy failure and indications for transitioning to alternative therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.