Multi-residue environmental method for seed treatment insecticides, neonicotinoid degradation products, and fungicides using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with a new ionization source.

Jascika A A Maclean, Shannon Bartelt-Hunt, Joyce Cristale, Sathaporn Onanong, Daniel D Snow

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Neonicotinoid Levels Exceed EPA Benchmarks in Half of Waterways on Illinois Protected Lands.Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jascika A A MacleanCivil & Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-1952-8986

Shannon Bartelt-HuntCivil & Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-7573

Joyce CristaleCentro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Alexandre Cazellato, 999, Paulínia, SP, 13148-218, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8973-2149

Sathaporn OnanongWater Sciences Laboratory and Nebraska Water Center, part of the Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1247-5520

Daniel D SnowWater Sciences Laboratory and Nebraska Water Center, part of the Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA. dsnow1@unl.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0885-0504

Funding

College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center UNL-000579910

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Few methods provide simultaneous determination of multiple pesticides and degradation products in environmental samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). As LC-MS/MS method performance is significantly influenced by the type and design of the ion source, we compared three ion sources: electrospray ionization (ESI) source, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source and UniSpray™ ionization source. A gain in sensitivity was observed with UniSpray™ and ESI as compared to APCI source on the same instrument. Matrix effects in the three interfaces were evaluated in reagent water and wastewater extracts. UniSpray™ showed the lowest matrix effect among the three sources, with APCI exhibiting more pronounced signal enhancement. A solid-phase extraction method using the UniSpray™ source provides method detection limits (MDLs) ranging from 0.00189 to 0.0209 µg/L in extracts from water samples. Recoveries in water ranged up to 94.35%, with above 60% of the pesticides having an average recovery exceeding 70%.

Indexed as

Fungicides, IndustrialInsecticidesNeonicotinoidsPesticide ResiduesSeedsTandem Mass SpectrometryWater Pollutants, ChemicalChromatography, LiquidLimit of DetectionSolid Phase ExtractionSpectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationWastewaterFungicides, IndustrialInsecticidesNeonicotinoidsPesticide ResiduesWastewaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalElectrospray ionizationMass spectrometryNeonicotinoidsUniSpray

Identifiers

PMID40506602

DOI10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100375

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.