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ArticleBMJ open2025

Development and validation of a practical predicting model for early mortality in polytrauma patients: secondary analysis from Switzerland.

Yongzhuang Chen, Xianjie Wei, Xiaoyun Sun, Xiaoqiao Mo, Jiayuan Tu, Tian Xie

Registry-linked trialAbstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07208110 (Factors Associated With Mortality by Trauma in the Intensive Care Unit in Villavicencio, Colombia. A Trial Based on a Discharge Registry.), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07208110 recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Factors Associated With Mortality by Trauma in the Intensive Care Unit in Villavicencio, Colombia. A Trial Based on a Discharge Registry.

TypeobservationalSponsorHospital Departamental de VillavicencioRan2026 to 2028Enrolled500ConditionsTrauma (Including Fractures), Trauma ICU Patients, Trauma Injury, Trauma Patients in ICUArmsExposed to trauma, Not exposed
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yongzhuang ChenDepartment of Anesthesiology, Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-6417-8945
Xianjie WeiDepartment of Orthopedics, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Xiaoyun SunDepartment of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Xiaoqiao MoDepartment of Operating Room, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Jiayuan TuYangzhou University School of Nursing School of Public Health, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China tjytjy88@163.com tean0523@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2108-2562
Tian XieDepartment of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China tjytjy88@163.com tean0523@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2916-6250

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo establish a practical tool for the prediction of mortality in polytrauma patients.

designSecondary analysis of data from a public database.

settingA tertiary hospital in Switzerland.

participants2406 polytrauma patients were enrolled in this study, and the mean age was 44.4±19.9 years with 74.8% men.

interventionsNo. OUTCOME MEASURES: Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between early deaths and variables. Nomogram model was established based on predictive factors. Model effectiveness was assessed by its discrimination, calibration and decision curve analysis. Causal mediation analysis was used to explore the relationships among risk factors.

resultsIndependent predictive variables analysed by logistic regression were: age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), base excess (BE) and serum lactate. A nomogram model was established based on those risk factors, and the area under the curve of the nomogram for early death was 0.85, which was better than existing traumatic scorings. Besides, calibration plots and decision curve analysis demonstrated better performance than traumatic scorings with better internal validation. The effect of GCS on early death partly depended on BE and lactate.

conclusionOur study found that early mortality was associated with age, GCS, BE and serum lactate on admission, and lactate was more important in early death. A simple prediction model of early mortality in polytrauma patients was developed with accessible parameters assessed on admission.

Indexed as

Multiple TraumaNomogramsAdultAgedAge FactorsFemaleGlasgow Coma ScaleHumansLactic AcidLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSwitzerlandLactic AcidACCIDENT & EMERGENCY MEDICINEINTENSIVE & CRITICAL CARETRAUMA MANAGEMENT

Identifiers

PMID40506077
PMCPMC12164626

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.