Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40506050›Full record

ArticlePediatrics2025

Risk of Bacterial Infections in Febrile Infants 61 to 90 Days Old With Respiratory Viruses.

Paul L Aronson, Prashant Mahajan, Blake Nielsen, Cody S Olsen, Huong D Meeks, Robert W Grundmeier, Nathan Kuppermann, PECARN Registry Working Group

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Paul L AronsonSection of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Prashant MahajanDepartments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Blake NielsenDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Cody S OlsenDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Huong D MeeksDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Robert W GrundmeierDepartment of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Nathan KuppermannDepartments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC.
PECARN Registry Working Group

Funding

Derivation and validation of a clinical prediction rule to identify febrile infants 61 to 90 days old at low and non-negligible risk of invasive bacterial infectionsR03HD110741 · NICHD · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI ARONSON, PAUL L · 2023 to 2024
$200k
NICHD NIH HHS R03 HD110741
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs), bacteremia, and bacterial meningitis among febrile infants aged 61 to 90 days with and without respiratory viral infections.

methodsWe used data from the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) Registry, comprised of pediatric visits from 17 emergency departments. Our cohort included infants aged 61 to 90 days with temperatures of at least 38°C, urinalyses/urine dipsticks and/or blood cultures, and respiratory viral testing performed between January 1, 2012, and April 30, 2024. We calculated the prevalence, with 95% CIs, of UTIs, bacteremia, and bacterial meningitis, stratified by presence and types of respiratory viral infections.

resultsWe included 3678 visits; 1725 (46.9%) infants tested positive for respiratory viruses. Compared with viral-negative infants, respiratory viral-positive infants had a lower prevalence of UTIs (4.4% [95% CI 3.5-5.6%] vs 12.5% [95% CI 11.0-14.2%]) and bacteremia (1.0% [95% CI 0.5-1.8%] vs 3.0% [95% CI 2.1-4.1%]). No respiratory-viral positive infants had bacterial meningitis, whereas 4 viral-negative infants had meningitis. The prevalence of UTIs ranged from 2.2% to 5.2% in infants who tested positive for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, or SARS-CoV-2, all lower than viral-negative infants. SARS-CoV-2 positive infants had a lower prevalence of bacteremia compared with SARS-CoV-2 negative infants (0.9% [95% CI 0.3-1.9%] vs 3.1% [95% CI 2.0-4.6%]).

conclusionsThe prevalence of bacterial infections is lower in respiratory virus-positive febrile infants aged 61 to 90 days. These findings may help inform use of respiratory viral testing in the evaluation for UTIs, bacteremia, and meningitis in this age group.

Indexed as

BacteremiaBacterial InfectionsFeverMeningitis, BacterialRespiratory Tract InfectionsUrinary Tract InfectionsVirus DiseasesCohort StudiesEmergency Service, HospitalFemaleHumansInfantMalePrevalenceRegistries

Identifiers

PMID40506050
PMCPMC12410455

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.