ArticleExperimental neurology2025
Interactions between descending and spinal circuits on motor output.
Article in Experimental neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Transcutaneous spinal stimulation with upper extremity robotic training in chronic stroke and spinal cord injury: individual neurophysiological and clinical responses.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Immediate Consequences of a Spinal Cord Injury During Development: Unique Insights From Ex Vivo Models.Neural plasticity · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionSupraspinal influence on spinal networks remains incompletely understood yet is crucial for restoring motor function after neurological insults, including spinal cord injury or stroke. Neuromodulation interventions have been employed with varying success to aid recovery and can be utilized to investigate the relationship between supraspinal and spinal networks. MATERIAL AND
methodsWe elicited hindlimb muscle responses by motor cortex stimulation paired with either epidural or transcutaneous spinal stimulation in neurologically intact Long-Evans rats and Yucatan miniature pigs.
resultsOur findings indicate that modulation of sensorimotor networks using the two stimulation modalities varies with the intensity of spinal stimulation. Specifically, spinal stimulation at near-motor-threshold levels modulates the magnitude of the weak descending volleys, with pronounced increases in compound motor evoked potential magnitude of up to 400-500 %. As spinal stimulation intensity increased, we observed a transition from modulated cortically evoked motor responses toward modulated spinally evoked motor responses. However, when the intensity of spinal stimulation exceeded the supra-motor-threshold, the conditioned responses were abolished. We also examined the effects of timing between paired cortical and spinal stimulation and found that the highest modulation occurred when delivering spinal stimulation using a latency approximately equal to the central conduction time of cortical stimulation.
conclusionThe capacity of cortical stimulation to modulate the effects of spinal modulation can be described as a convergence of supraspinal and spinal networks on the motor pathway. Overall, our results suggest potential stimulation strategies that capitalize on supraspinal-spinal interactions without the need for targeting individual motor pools with focal spinal stimulation.
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