ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2025
A review of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and biomarkers.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- The growing need for heart failure specific risk prediction models and standardized care pathways in patients with cancer.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Human biomarker navigator.iMeta · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial Imaging Detects Early Cardiac Changes Following Cancer Immunotherapy.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- Temporal dynamics of cardiac biomarkers in therapy‑related cardiotoxicity: a prospective cardio‑oncology cohort study.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Preliminary exploration of the role of CD8Biomedical reports · 2026Article
- METTL14-dependent mbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis: Insights from Preclinical Models to Translational Perspectives.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Myasthenia-Like Presentations Following PD-1 Inhibitors: CD8+ Myositis, Myasthenia, or Both?Cureus · 2026Article
- Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiotoxicity: a cellular pharmacology perspective on susceptibility and resistance.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Drug-induced adverse events in modern pharmacotherapy: mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and implications for risk assessment and management.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- C-reactive protein in cardiovascular disease: clinical associations, conformation-dependent biology, and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy plus lenvatinib and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors versus systemic chemotherapy plus lenvatinib and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- SHP2: A Redox-Sensitive Regulator Linking Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy to Cancer Treatment and Vascular Risk.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Impact of Immune-Related Adverse Events on the Survival of Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: The Distinct Role of Cardiac Toxicities.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Case Report: Fatal myocarditis and myasthenia gravis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: concurrent dual adverse events in an older adult.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) have demonstrated efficacy in treating various cancers by modulating the immune system, but this can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including myocarditis. ICI-associated myocarditis is a rare but highly lethal irAE with a short mean time to onset, and difficult to diagnose early due to nonspecific symptoms and lack of biomarkers. This review highlights the need for improved recognition and management of ICI-associated myocarditis, summarizing recent advances in immunology, pathology, and biomarker research. We discuss the epidemiology, clinical features, immunological mechanisms, and roles of biomarkers in diagnosis and risk stratification. Traditional biomarkers like cTnI and hs-cTnT are sensitive but lack specificity, while emerging biomarkers like miR-155 show tissue specificity. Inflammatory markers such as NLR and CRP aid prognosis but have limited diagnostic value.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.