ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews2025
Comparison of Characteristics, Injury Patterns, and Orthopaedic Injuries Between Electric Bicycle, Pedal Bicycle, Electric Scooters, and Motorcycle Accidents at a Level 1 Trauma Center.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Electric bicycle versus conventional bicycle crashes: comparative analysis of injury patterns, severity, and the modifying effect of body mass index.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Article
- Electric bicycles-related orthopedic injury spectrum: retrospective analysis of 1,735 cases (2020-2025).Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUse of electric bikes (EBs) and electric scooters (ESs) has increased dramatically, and so are EB-related and ES-related orthopaedic injuries. There is limited research regarding the severity of EB injuries and whether they more closely resemble ES, motorcycle (MC), or pedal bicycle (PB) related injuries. The aim of this study was to characterize injury patterns associated with EB accidents and compare injury severity and details with those of PB, ES, and MC accidents.
methodsThis was a retrospective review of trauma patients presenting to an academic, level one trauma center between 2019 and 2022 to compare EB, ES, PB, and MC trauma patients. Descriptive statistics were obtained to characterize demographic data. Two-sided Fisher exact tests were used to compare categorical data, and ANOVA was used to compare continuous variables between groups.
resultsEB trauma patients were significantly more likely to experience traumatic brain injury (TBI), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), or fractures of the head/face compared with MC (54.0% vs. 19.3%, P < 0.0001) and PB (54.0% vs. 33.5%, P = 0.0001) cohorts. EB trauma patients were more likely to lose consciousness than MC or PB trauma patients. Spine fractures (11.0%) were the most prevalent in the EB study population, followed by fractures of the acetabulum (6.0%) and clavicle/scapula/radius (5.0%). EB trauma patients were significantly more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) than MC trauma patients (25.0% vs. 16.0%, P = 0.0256) and were significantly more likely to present as critical trauma activations than PB trauma patients (14.0% vs. 6.0%, P = 0.0106).
conclusionsWhile the overall injury severity scores are similar to the modes of transport, there are differences in injury severity and patterns. EB accidents have a higher prevalence of TBIs, ICH, and facial fractures. EB trauma patients can result in high utilization of resources because many are critical trauma activations and have a higher rate of ICU stays. These data can help providers better understand injury patterns of EB accidents.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.