Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40503390›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2025

Spatiotemporal Association of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases and Deaths With Exposure to Wildfire Particulate Matter in 2020.

Thomas C McHale, David R Boulware, Kelly Searle, Leda Kobziar, Phinehas Lampman, Julio C Zuniga-Moya, Ben Papadopoulos, Andrej Spec, Naomi E Hauser, George R Thompson

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Thomas C McHaleDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7226-3075
David R BoulwareDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4715-0060
Kelly SearleSchool of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1316-9342
Leda KobziarDepartment of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, College of Natural Resources, Couer d'Alene, Idaho, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5882-8498
Phinehas LampmanDepartment of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, College of Natural Resources, Couer d'Alene, Idaho, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0101-5142
Julio C Zuniga-MoyaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8561-5463
Ben PapadopoulosDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7251-4930
Andrej SpecDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7612-4710
Naomi E HauserDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-8682
George R ThompsonDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8518-5750

Funding

UC Davis Environmental Health Sciences Core CenterP30ES023513 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Irva Hertz-Picciotto · 2015 to 2026
$26.0M
Infectious Disease Training in Clinical InvestigationT32AI055433 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI David R Boulware · 2003 to 2026
$6.1M
NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI055433NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES023513
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Climate change is anticipated to have profound effects on human health, including in infectious diseases. Wildfires have been increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change and have been linked to worsening respiratory disease outcomes. We aimed to demonstrate whether there was an association between wildfire smoke and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in California during 2020. Methods: We used an ecologic cohort study with a spatial autoregressive model to test for associations between wildfire smoke, measured as particulate matter <2.5 µg/m Results: In an adjusted analysis, we found a 1-month lag increase of 203 COVID-19 cases per 10 000 persons per 10 µg/m Conclusions: The year 2020 was particularly strong for wildfires in California and a unique year for infectious diseases with the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings demonstrate that wildfire smoke exposure likely increased the spread of COVID-19 and worsened the mortality rate.

Indexed as

COVID-19spatial autocorrelationspatial autoregressive modelswildfire particulate matter

Identifiers

PMID40503390
PMCPMC12152477

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.