Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40503251›Full record

ArticleRoyal Society open science2025

Tracking free water in human body by magnetic resonance imaging: new insights on the network pathways.

Lu Sun, Liting Wang, Le He, Changsong Liu, Fengshan Bai

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Royal Society open science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Lu SunDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2568-8502
Liting WangDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
Le HeSchool of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
Changsong LiuDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
Fengshan BaiDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Water is the most indispensable material for life. Although extensive research has been carried out at the microscopic level, including studies focusing on transport and molecular effects, the macroscopic water system of the human body is still unclear. In this study, the distribution of free water in the human body under natural conditions was non-invasively depicted by magnetic resonance hydrography sequences. Spatial saturation technique was used to explore the dynamic properties of free water. Imaging and post-processing results reveal that abundant free water formed a macroscopic network consisting of interconnected pathways. The slow flow trajectories of some waterways were captured in the saturation band. The free-water channels enclosed or bordered the space around blood vessels and nerves or traversed the tissues. This spatial relationship is similar to the fluid flow patterns in the interstitial space in the periphery and the glymphatic system of the brain, suggesting potential physiological functions and pathological variations.

Indexed as

free waterinterstitial spacenetwork pathwaynon-invasivephysiological mechanism

Identifiers

PMID40503251
PMCPMC12151601

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.