Nailfold videocapillaroscopic changes in patients with psoriatic arthritis: A systematic review.

Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) is a non-invasive method for the visualization of nailfold capillaries. Recent advancements in imaging technology have enhanced the resolution and accuracy of capillaroscopic assessment, making nailfold capillaroscopy an essential tool for evaluating microvascular changes. Various alterations in the microcirculation have recently been described in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). In recent years, nailfold capillaroscopy has gained attention in dermatology and rheumatology. The present study provides a detailed description of the NVC changes associated with PsA. Initially, various medical databases were searched, a total of 97 articles were reviewed and 17 of them were included in the analysis. Subsequently, several parameters were assessed, including the total number of patients and controls; the presence of disorganized, long, tortuous, ramified, crossed, dilated and giant capillaries, the presence of neoangiogenesis, hemorrhages or hemosiderin deposits, low capillary density and avascular areas. Regarding the use of videocapillaroscopy in patients with PsA, the following key findings were observed: Disorganized and tortuous capillaries, along with a notable reduction in capillary density compared with that in individuals with psoriasis. Nailfold capillaroscopy has emerged as a valuable tool, offering insights into both microvascular lesions and structural abnormalities of the nail, thus aiding in the early diagnosis and monitoring of patients with PsA. Notably, capillaroscopic abnormalities in patients with PsA may be associated with disease severity and activity, thus providing a potential marker for monitoring disease progression and response to therapy. In conclusion, the insights gained from capillaroscopy offer valuable information regarding disease progression and highlight the importance of integrating innovative diagnostic methods into clinical practice.